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,Jjhd; cz;ik!

Gjpjhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l tpQ;Qhd cz;ikfs; jpUf;Fh;MdpYk; egpnkhopfspYk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;litfs;

;tpz;ntsp fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSk; xUrpy jpUf;Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fSk;

Nguhrphpah; Nah\pi`L Nfhrhap mth;fs;: tpz;zpay; rk;ge;jkhd cz;ikahd fUj;Jf;fis jpUf;Fh;Mdpy; fz;L ehd; kpfTk; ftug;gl;Nld;.The Hourglass Nebula This is an image of MyCn18, a young planetary nebula located about 8,000 light-years away, taken with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This Hubble image reveals the true shape of MyCn18 to be an hourglass with an intricate pattern of etchings in its walls. This picture has been composed from three separate images taken in the light of ionized nitrogen (represented by red), hydrogen (green), and doubly-ionized oxygen (blue).

Nguhrhpah; Nfhrha; mth;fs; [g;ghdpYs;s Nlhf;fpNah khepyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j N`hq;Nfh efuj;jpy; cs;s Nlhf;fpNah gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Nguhrphpauhf cs;shh;. Nlhf;fpNah khepyj;jpYs;s kpfhlh NjrPa tpz;ntsp Ma;T ikaj;pd; iluf;luhfTk; ,Ue;jhh;. gilg;gpd; Muk;gk; gw;wpAk;> thdq;fs; gw;wpAk; G+kpf;F thdq;fNshL cs;s njhlh;G gw;wpAk; cs;s vz;zw;w jpUf;Fh;Md; trdq;fis ehk; mtUf;F toq;fpNdhk;. ,e;j trdq;fis Muha;e;j gpwF jpUf;Fh;Md; gw;wpAk; mJ mUsg;gl;l fhyj;ijg; gw;wpAk; Nguhrphpah; Nfhrha; mth;fs; ek;kplk; Nfl;lhh;. mJ 1400 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G mUsg;gl;lJ vd;W $wp tpl;L ,e;j trdq;fs; nfhz;bUf;Fk; cz;ikfs; gw;wp mthplk; Nfl;Nlhk;. xt;nthU gjpypw;Fk; gpwF jpUf;Fh;Mdpd; trdj;ij ehk; mthplk; fhz;gpj;;Njhk;. mth; jd; tpag;igf; fhl;bdhh;. kpfTk; cr;rj;jpypUe;J nfhz;L ,g;gpugQ;rj;jpy; cs;s xt;nthd;iwAk; jdpj;jdpahfTk; njspthfTk; fz;L ciug;gJ Nghd;W jpUf;Fh;Md; ,g;gpugQ;rj;ijg; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wJ vd;W $wpdhh;. ,ijf; $wpa mtd; cs;s midj;ijAk; fhz;fpd;whd;.  ve;j ,lj;jpypUe;J ghh;j;jhy; vy;yhNk njspthf njhpANkh me;j ,lj;jpypUe;J fhZk; NghJ ghh;f;fg;gl KbahjJ vd xd;WNk ,Uf;f KbahJ.

This NASA Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image reveals a pair of one-half light-year long interstellar twisters -- eerie funnels and twisted-rope structures -- in the heart of the Lagoon Nebula (Messier 8) which lies 5,000 light-years away in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius. The central hot star, O Herschel 36 (lower right), is the primary source of the ionizing radiation for the brightest region in the nebula, called the Hourglass. Other hot stars, also present in the nebula, are ionizing the extended optical nebulosity. The ionizing radiation induces photo-evaporation of the surfaces of the clouds and drives away violent stellar winds tearing into the cool clouds. The Lagoon Nebula and nebulae in other galaxies are sites where new stars are being born from dusty molecular clouds.
 Fig. 17.1

xU fhyj;jpy; thdk; Gif cUtj;jpy; ,Ue;jjh vd;W mthplk; Nfl;Nlhk;. xU fhyj;jpy; ,e;j thdk; ntWk; Gifahfj;jhd ,Ue;jd vd;W midj;J mj;jhl;rpfSk; Fwpg;Gf;fSk; ep&gpf;f Ftpe;Js;sd vd;W mth; $wpdhh;. ep&gpf;fg;gl;l fhZk; cz;ikahf ,J epiyehl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;glj;jpy; ehk; fhz;gJ Nghd;W (glk; 17.1) ,g;gpugQ;rk; Njhd;wpa me;jg; GifapypUe;J Gjpa el;rj;jpuq;fs; cUthFtij jw;NghJk; mwptpayhsh;fs; fhzyhk;.

tpz;ntspf; fg;gypd; JizAld; rkPgj;jpy;jhd; ,g;glk; ngwg;gl;lJ. GifapypUe;J xU el;rj;jpuk; cUthFtij mJ fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. Gifapd; ntspg;Gw rpte;j ghfq;fs; R+lhfTk; xd;W $lTk; Muk;gpj;jpUg;gij fhZq;fs;. Nkfj;jpd;;; kj;jpa ghfj;ij ftdpAq;fs;. mJ xspia gpujpgypf;ff; $l ,ayhj mstpw;F mjpYs;s Gifg; nghUl;fs; mlh;j;jpahf cs;sJ.  ehk; ,d;W fhZk; kpd;Dk; el;rj;jpuq;fs; ,g; gpugQ;rk; ,Ue;jijg; Nghd;Nw Gif cUtj;jpy; ,Ue;jd. mtUf;F jpUf;Fh;Md; trdj;ij mspj;Njhk;.  mJ $Wfpd;wJ:

gpwF mtd; thdj;jpd;;; gf;fk; jpUk;gpdhd;. mJ Gifahf ,Ue;jJ. mtd; mjw;Fk; G+kpf;Fk;; ''ePq;fs; tpUg;GldhapDk; my;yJ ntWg;gpUg;gpDk; thUq;fs;"" vd;W $wpdhd;. (mjw;F) mitapuz;Lk; ''ehq;fs; tpUg;GlNdNa tUfpd;Nwhk;"" vd;W $wpd. (jpUf;Fh;Md; 41:11)

,e;j Gifia rpy mwptpayhsh;fs; \gdp| vd;W $Wfpd;whh;fs;. jpUf;Fh;Md; $Wk; Jf;fhd; (-Gif) vd;gNjhL gdp vd;w thh;j;ij xj;Jg; Nghftpy;iy vd;gij Nguhrphpah; Nfhrha; mth;fs; Rl;bf; fhl;bdhh;fs;. Vnddpy; gdp vd;gJ Fsph;e;j jd;ik nfhz;lJ. Mdhy; gpugQ;rg; GifahdJ xU tifahd R+lhdJ. gutpapUf;Fk; GifNahL jplg; nghUs;fSk; Nrh;e;jpUf;Fk; xd;Wjhd; Jf;fhd; vd;gJ. ,Jjhd;> el;rj;jpuq;fnsy;yhk; cUthtjw;F Kd;dhy; vjpypUe;J gpugQ;rk; Njhd;wpaNjh me;jg; Gif gw;wpa kpfr; rhpahd tptuzkhFk;. Gif c\;zkhdjhf ,Ug;gjhy; mij gdp vd;W Fwpg;gpl KbahJ. Jf;fhd; vd;gJjhd; kpf kpf rhpahd thh;j;ijahFk;. ,t;thwhf ehk; mspj;j jpUf;Fh;Md; trdq;fis Nguhrphpah; Nfhrha; mth;fs; Muhaj; njhlq;fpdhh;.

Astronomy
17.2

,Wjpahf ehk; mthplk; Nfl;Nlhk;: mwptpay; ,g;gpugQ;rj;jpd; ufrpaq;fis fz;Lgpbf;fj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ. Mdhy; ,e;j cz;ikfs; jpUf;Fh;MdpNyh my;yJ Rd;dhtpNyh ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ij jhq;fNs fz;Ls;sPh;fs;. ,J gw;wp jhq;fs; vd;d fUJfpd;wPh;fs;?|jpUf;Fh;Md; egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fSf;F xU kdpjuhy; mspf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W epidf;fpd;wPh;fsh?

Nguhrphpah; Nfhrha; mth;fs;; gjpyspf;fpd;whh;: jpUf;Fh;Mdpy; cz;ikahd tpz;zpay;; fUj;Jf;fs; cs;sijf; fz;L kpfTk; nefpo;e;J NghNdd;. etPd fhy tpz;zpay; mwpQh;fshd ehk; gpugQ;rj;jpd; xU rpwpa Jz;ilg; gw;wpj;jhd; Muha;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. kpfTk; rpwpa gFjpaig; gw;wpg; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjpy; ek;Kila Kaw;rpfis xd;W $l;bAs;Nshk;. KO gpugQ;rKk; ek; ftdpj;jpw;F tuhky;> njhiy Nehf;fpfis itj;Jf; nfhz;L thdj;jpd; xU rpy gFjpfis khj;jpuk;jhd; ek;khy; fhz KbAk;. MfNt> jpUf;Fh;Mid gbg;gjd; %yKk; NkYk; Nfs;tpfSf;F tpilaspg;gjd; %yKk; gpugQ;rj;ij Ma;T nra;af;$ba vjph;fhy topia ehd; fhz KbAk; vd;W ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

It may look like a butterfly, but it's bigger than our Solar System. NGC 2346 is a planetary nebula made of gas and dust that has evolved into a familiar shape. At the heart of the bipolar planetary nebula is a pair of close stars orbiting each other once every sixteen days. The tale of how the butterfly blossomed probably began millions of years ago, when the stars were farther apart. The more massive star expanded to encompass its binary companion, causing the two to spiral closer and expel rings of gas. Later, bubbles of hot gas emerged as the core of the massive red giant star became uncovered. In billions of years, our Sun will become a red giant and emit a planetary nebula - but probably not in the shape of a butterfly, because the Sun has no binary star companion.
Fig. 17.3

jpUf;Fh;Md; kdpj %yj;jpypUe;J te;jpUf;fr; rhj;jpakpy;iy vd;W Nguhrphpah; Nfhrha; mth;fs; ek;Gfpd;whh;fs;.  mwptpayhsh;fshd ehk; ek;Kila Muha;r;rpia xU kpfr;rpwpa gFjpapy;jhd; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy;;; jpUf;Fh;Mid ehk; gbj;Njhkhdhy;> ,g;gpugQ;rk; gw;wpa kpfg;ngUk; glj;ij ehk; fhzyhk;. tpQ;Qhdpfs; fl;Lf;flq;fpa FWfpa fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mij fhzhky; gue;J tphpe;j fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mijf; fhz Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gpugQ;rk; rk;ge;jkhf> jd;Dila vjph;fhyg; ghijia jw;NghJ mtuhy; tiuaWf;f KbAk; vd;W Nguhrphpah; Nfhrha; mth;fs; xj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whh;fs;. gpugQ;rk; gw;wpa jpUf;Fh;Mdpd; gue;J tphpe;j fz;Nzhl;lj;ij topfhl;bahff; nfhz;L> ,J Kjy; jd;Dila Muha;r;rpia jpl;lkplg; Nghtjhf mth; nkhopfpd;whh;.

ug;Ng Gfo; midj;Jk; cdf;Nf! eP cah;e;Njhdhtha;! ,J mt;tg;NghJ GJikahfpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;nwd;Wk; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; mw;GjkhFk;. ,J capuspf;Fk; mw;GjkhFk;. mJ K];ypk;fisAk; K];ypk; my;yhjth;fisAk; ek;gr; nra;fpd;wJ. jPh;g;G ehs; tiu tUk; re;jjpfis mJ ek;gr; nra;Ak;.  my;yh`; jpUf;Fh;Mdpy; $Wfpd;whd;:

(egpNa!) ckf;Fj; (jhd;) mUspa (Ntjj;)ijf; Fwpj;J my;yh`;Nt rhl;rp nrhy;fpwhd;; mijj; jd; NguUs; Qhdj;ijf; nfhz;L mtd; ,wf;fp itj;jhd;;. (jpUf;Fh;Md; 4:166).

,d;Dk; $WtPuhf: ''vy;yhg; GfOk; my;yh`; xUtDf;Nf! mtd; rPf;fpuj;jpy; cq;fSf;Fj; jd; mj;jhl;rpfisf; fhz;gpg;ghd;; mg;NghJ mtw;iw ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;tPHfs;"" (jpUf;Fh;Md; 27:93).

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