Rd;dh - `jP];fs; njhFf;fg;gl;l Kiwfs;  

;ukshd; : 18

,iwj;JhjH (]y;) mtHfspd; Rd;dh - `jP];fisj; njhFf;Fk; gzp> mtHfs; kuzkile;jjd; gpd;dhy;> 200-250 Mz;Lfs; fopj;Jj; jhd; Muk;gkhdJ. ,khk; Gfhhp (u`;)> ,khk; K];ypk;> ,khk; mG+jhT+J> ,khk; e]aP> kw;Wk; ,khk; ,g;D kh[h ,d;Dk; gyH ,e;jf; fhyg; gphptpy; jhd; Rd;dhitj; njhFf;Fg; gzpia Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt rpyH> mjhtJ> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsJ fhyg; gphptpw;Fg; gpd; te;jtHfshy; `jP];fs; njhFf;fg;gl;bUg;gjdhy;> mtw;iwg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy vd;W $Wfpd;whHfs;.

Mdhy; ehk; ,q;nfhd;iwf; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; tho;e;j fhyg; gphptpy;> ,d;Ws;sJ Nghd;w vOj;Jg; gzpfs; Nghd;w trjpfs; ,y;iy vd;gij tpl> kf;fs; jhq;fs; mwpe;jij Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L> mjd; %yk; jq;fsJ khHf;f tpraq;fis nray;gLj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,q;Nf ehk; fPNo nfhLj;jpUf;fpd;w egpj;NjhoHfs; ahTk;> gy;NtW Fyq;fs;> Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfSf;F miog;Gg; gzpf;fhfTk;> xg;ge;jq;fis vOJtjw;fhfTNk> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfSld; ,Ue;J te;jtHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,tHfspd; xt;nthUtuJ jdpg;gl;l flikfs; vd;dthf ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ gw;wp tuyhw;wpd; gf;fq;fspy; njspthfNt Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba cz;ikahFk;.

                1.         fhypj; gpd; raPj; gpd; my; M]; (uyp)

                2.         KfPuh gpd; Rg;gh(uyp)

                3.         `]Pd; gpd; EikH(uyp)

                4.         [`Pk; gpd; ]y;j; (uyp)

                5.         `{ij/gh gpd; akhd; (uyp)

                6.         Kifg; gpd; mgp /ghj;jpkh(uyp)

                7.         mg;Jy;yh gpd; mHfk; (uyp)

                8.         myh gpd; cf;gh(uyp)

                9.         [{igH gpd; mt;thk(uyp);

               10.        c];khd; gpd; m/ghd; (uyp)

               11.        Kmtpah gpd; R/g;ahd(uyp);

               12.        myp gpd; mgpjhypg; (uyp)

               13.        i[j; gpd; rhgpj; md;rhhp(uyp)

               14.        `d;oyh gpd; ugP`;(uyp)

               15.        myh gpd; `o;ukp(uyp)

               16.        mghd; gpd; raPj; (uyp)

               17.        cig ,g;D f/g; (uyp)

NkYk;> fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,tHfs; ,iwj;JhjH (]y;) mtHfSld; ,Ue;jNjhL> ,iwj;JhjH (]y;) mtHfsJ fl;lisg;gb vOjTk;> thrpj;Jf; fhl;lTNk gzpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,tHfSf;F NtW gzpfs; vJTk; xJf;fg;gltpy;iy.

                1.         fmg; gpd; khypf; (uyp)

                2.         ckH gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp)

                3.         mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH(uyp)

                4.         fg;ghg; gpd; mHj; (uyp)

                5.         raPj; gpd; i[j; (uyp)

                6.         mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp)

                7.         md]; gpd; khypf; (uyp)

                8.         mg;Jy;yh gpd; mgP mt;/gh (uyp)

                9.         raPj; gpd; cghjh (uyp)

               10.        r%uh gpd; [{d;Jg; (uyp)

               11.        mg;Jy;yh gpd; mk;H gpd; M]; (uyp)

               12.        [hgpH gpd; mg;Jy;yh (uyp)

               13.        `hjpg; gpd; mgP gy;jh (uyp)

               14.        mG+ `{iuuh (uyp)

               15.        uh/gP gpd; fjP[;(uyp)

               16.        mG+ uh/gP k];hP (uyp)

               17.        mg;Jy;yh gpd; k];CJ (uyp)

               18.        /ghj;jpkh gpd;j; fj;jhg; (uyp)

K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfspd; gy;NgW gzpfisf; ftdpj;J te;j ,tHfs;> jq;fsJ tpUg;gk; kw;Wk; gw;Wjy; fhuzkhf K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsJ nray;fisAk; ,tHfs; gjpT nra;J te;jhHfs;. K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfSk; $l jd;Dila Rd;dhitg; gjpT nra;J nfhs;SkhW jd;Dila rpy NjhoHfSf;Ff; fl;lisAk; ,l;Ls;shHfs;.

U/gP gpd; fjP[; (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpd;whHfs; : vq;fis mHg;gzpj;Njhk;: ehq;fs; cq;fsJ jpUehtpdhy; gy;NtW tpraq;fisg; gw;wpf; Nfl;lwpe;Njhk; kw;Wk; mtw;iwg; gjpT nra;J itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,jidg; gw;wp ePq;fs; vd;d nrhy;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsplk; Nfl;ljw;F> mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; : vOjpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> mjpy; ve;jj; jtWk; ,y;iy> vd;whHfs;.

MG u/gP k];hp (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpd;whHfs; : ehd; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsJ Rd;dhit vOjpf; nfhs;tjw;F mDkjp Nfl;Nld;> mDkjp toq;fg;gl;lJ.

Md]; (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpd;whHfs; :  xU kdpjH Rd;dhit Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;s ,aytpy;iy vd;W K`k;kJ(]y;) m tHfsplk; jd;idg; gw;wpf; Fiw $wpf; nfhz;lhH. K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs;  $wpdhHfs; : cd;Dila ifiag; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs; (mjhtJ> vOjpf; nfhs;) vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

Mg;Jy;yh gpd; mk;H gpd; my;M]; (uyp) mwptpf;fpd;whHfs; : MrPHtjpf;fg;gl;l jpUj;Jhjhpd; ehtpdhy; ehd; vjidnay;yhk; Nfl;NlNdh mtw;iwnay;yhk; ehd; gjpT nra;J itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> vdNt> mjid Qhgfg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

Mdhy; Fiw\paHfs; ehd; ,t;thW nra;tijf; Fiw $wp MHtk; Fd;wr; nra;jhHfs; NkYk; mtHfs; nrhd;dhHfs; : my;yh`;tpd; JhjH (]y;) mtHfSk; kdpjNu! Nfhgj;jpy; mtH vijahtJ nrhd;dhy; mijAk; vOjp itj;J tpLtjh? Vd;W mtHfs; mwpTWj;jpaijf; Nfl;l ehd; vOjptij tpl;L tpl;Nld;. ,e;j tpraj;ij K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsplk; ehd; nfhz;L nrd;w NghJ> vd; %yk; eP vij vij vy;yhk; Nfs;tpg;gl;lhNah> mtw;iw vOjp itj;Jf; nfhs;> vd; capH vtd; iftrk; cs;sNjh mtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> vd;dpypUe;J cz;ikiaj; jtpu NtnwJTk; ntsptUtjpy;iy vd;W $wp K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; vdf;F mDkjp je;jhHfs;> vd;W mg;Jy;yh gpd; mk;H gpd; my; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; NkYk; $wpdhHfs;.

i[j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp) mtHfis may; nkhopfisf; fw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW K`k;kJ (]y;) gzpj;jhHfs;. MJ kl;Lky;y mtw;wpd; vOj;Jf;fisAk; ,izj;Nj fw;Wf; nfhs;SkhWk; $wpdhHfs;.

fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thrfq;fis ehk; rw;W tpsf;Ftjw;Ff; flikg;gl;Ls;Nshk; :

ehd; nrhy;tjpy; FHMidj; jtpu NtnwjidAk; vOjp itf;fhjPHfs;. ( yh jf;JG md;dP i\md; ifhpy; FHMd;)

K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; mtHfs; vijvijnay;yhk; $wpdhHfNsh mtw;iw vy;yhk;> xNu ,lj;jpy; egpj;NjhoHfs; vOjp itf;ff; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. xU rkak; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; xU egpj;Njhoiug; ghHj;Jf; Nfl;lhHfs;: vd;d nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;? ehq;fs; vjid cq;fs; %yk; Nfl;NlhNkh mjidj; jhd;> vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;. Mg;nghOJ K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; : my;yh`;tpDila Ntjj;ij mLj;J ,d;ndhU Ntjj;ijAkh ePq;fs; vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W Nfl;L tpl;L> my;yh`;tpDila Ntjj;ijj; jdpj;Jtg;gLj;Jq;fs;> mjid Koikahf itj;jpUq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,jpypUe;J ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;tJ vd;dntd;why;> egpj; NjhoHfs; FHMidAk; mjw;F tpsf;fkhd Rd;dhitAk; xNu ,lj;jpy; vOjp itf;ff; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. Mdhy; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; FHMidAk;> Rd;dhitAk; jdpj;Jg; gFj;Jf; fhl;lf; $ba mstpy; vOjp itf;fNt mt;thW $wpapUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gijAk;> Rd;dhit vOjNt Ntz;lhk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; mt;thW $wtpy;iy vd;gijAk; ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

jpUf;FHMdpd; trdq;fs; me;jj; egpj;NjhoHfshy; kddkplg;gl;L> mjidj; njspthf mtHfs; Xjpa tpjj;jpypUe;Nj ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; ,l;l me;jf; fl;lis (mjhtJ> FHMDld; vjidAk; ,izj;J vOjhjPHfs;) f;F mtrpakpd;wpg; Ngha; tpl;lJ. Vnddpy; FHMd; Koikahf ,wq;fp tpl;l gpd;> ,e;j fl;lisf;fhd Njit mq;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gNjahFk;.

,e;j xU tpsf;fj;jpw;Fg; gpwF gy;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; Rd;dh vt;thW njhFf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsJ tho;f;ifapy; 11 tJ `p[;hp tiu> egpj;NjhoHfsJ fhykhd 110 tJ `p[;hp tiu> mjd; egpj;NjhoHfisg; gpd;gw;wpa jhgpaPd;fsJ fhykhd 181 `p[;hp tiu Fwpg;Gfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsJ nrhy; kw;Wk; nray; Mfpatw;iwg; gw;wpa gjpTfs; jtpHj;J> mtHfsJ njhlHGfs;> xg;ge;jq;fs;> fl;lisfs; kw;Wk; muR CopaHfSf;F mtHfs; tpLj;j mwpTWj;jy;fs; Mfpa midj;Jk; ,e;j Rd;dhtpy; mlq;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,it midj;Jk; `jP];fs; vd;Nw miof;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;gijAk; ehk; Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

mLj;J