FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;L KiwfSk;> mjdhy; Vw;gLk; kdepiy> cly;epiy ghjpg;GfSk;

,iwtd; jd; gilg;Gfs; mj;jidiaAk; Mz; vd;Wk;> ngz; vd;Wk; ,U NtW ghypay; jd;ik nfhz;ltHfshfg; gilj;Js;shd;. ,iwtdJ gilg;gpd; Nehf;fNk> kdpjDk; Vida [PtuhrpfSk; jkJ re;jjpfisg; ngUf;fp> me;jg; gilg;gpdq;fs; ahTk; ,g; G+Tyfpy; epiy ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk vd;gNjahFk;.

Vnddpy;> kdpjidg; gw;wp ,iwtd; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ> G+kpapy; gpujpepjpahf kdpjidg; gilj;Js;Nsd; vd;fpwhd;. mj;jifa gpujpepjpapd; tho;T Njf;fkpy;yhky; eilngwNt #hpaDk;> re;jpuDk;> Vida Nfhs;fSk;> mtw;wpD}Nl fhw;Wk;> kioAk;> ntg;gKk; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fisAk; mjd; %yk; czT tiffisAk;> tpyq;fpdq;fisAk;> gwit ,dq;fisAk; ,iwtd; gilj;Js;shd;.

NkYk;> E}`; egp fhyj;jpy; nts;sj;ijf; nfhz;L ,e;jg; G+kpapy; tho;e;j kdpjHfis mopf;f ehba NghJ $l> jd;Dila gpujpepjpahf cz;ikahfr; nray;gl;ltHfisAk;> mtHfspd; tho;T Njf;fkpd;wp eilngwTk;> vy;yh tpyq;fpdq;fspYk;> jhtuq;fspYk; mjdjd; N[hbfis fg;gypy; Vw;wpf; fhg;ghw;wpdhd; ,iwtd;.

mjd; %yk; ,g;G+kpapy; kdpjDk; Vida [PtuhrpfSk;> jkJ re;jjpfisg; ngUf;fp eiy ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,iwtdpd; Nehf;fk;. ,jpy; ngz;iz nkd;ahdtshfTk;> Foe;ijg; Ngw;iwr; Rkg;gtshfTk;> jhk; ngw;w Foe;ijfisj; jdpf; ftdj;Jld; jd; md;igg; nghope;J> mJ jUk; rpwpa kw;Wk; nghpa njhe;juTfis frpj;Jg; guhkhpf;Fk; gz;igg; ngw;wtshfTk;> ,iwtd; gilj;Js;shd;. mjw;Nfw;wthNu mtsJ clYk;> kdKk;> ,d;d mikg;GfSk; ,aw;ifahfNt mike;Js;sJ.

NkYk;> MZf;Fhpa Mz;ik> MSik kw;Wk; ngz;Zf;Fhpa ngz;ik>jha;ik Nghd;w gz;Gspy; nraw;ifahf VNjDk; jilia Vw;gLj;Jk; NghJ> Njitapy;yhj rpy gpur;idfis mJ cly; mstpYk; kd epiyapYk; Vw;gLj;jp tpLfpwJ.

,J Nghy fUj;jil kw;Wk; FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lr; rhjdq;fspd; gq;Fk;> mjhtJ> FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fUj;jilr; rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; MzpDila me;j MSikia> Mz;ikiag; ghjpf;fpwJ. NkYk; ,e;jg; ghjpg;G jw;fhypf kyl;Lj; jd;ikia Vw;gLj;jf; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wJ. mjhtJ> MZiw mzpe;J xU Mz; jd; kidtpAld; $Lk; NghJ> mtd; vjpHghHf;Fk; me;j KO jpUg;jpia> me;j MZiw jLj;J tpLfpwJ.

,ijNa 1927 y; gphpl;ldpd;> Njrpa FLk;gf;fl;Lghl;L Mizak; ntspapl;l mwpf;if cWjp nra;fpwJ. xU Mz; jd; kidtpaplk KOj; jpUg;jpia mtd; milatpy;iy vdpy;> mtdJ czHr;rpf;F> ,aw;ifahdnjhU tbfhy; fpilf;ftpy;iy vdpy; mq;Nf mtdJ jpUkz ge;jk; vd;w mikg;gpy;> mtdJ vjpHghHg;G nfhs;isaplg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; jpUg;jpaw;w Mz;> jd; czHr;rpf;F rhpahd tbfhy; ehb> gpwkid Nehf;f Ntz;ba> mjhtJ tpgr;rhuk; ehbr; nry;y Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; mtd; jd;idg; ghypay; Neha;fSf;F cl;gLj;jp tpLfpd;whd;.

mJNghy ngz;Zf;F> kUj;Jt Nehf;fpy; fUj;jil rhjdq;fis - kUe;Jfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ mtsJ cly;eyk; Ngzg;gLfpwJ. mJty;yhj Foe;ijg; gpwg;igf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Ntz;b kl;Lk; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ> mtsJ KO cly; njhFjpAk;> euk;G kz;lyq;fSk; ghjpg;gilfpd;wd. ,jd; %yk; nfhba Neha;fSf;Fk;> kd tpahjpfSf;Fk; mts; Mshf NehpLfpwJ. cz;ikapNyNa mtsJ fztDld; fpilf;f Ntz;ba jhk;gj;a ,d;gj;ijAk; mts; ,oe;J tpLfpd;whs;.

NkYk;> FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;L rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;J; NghJ Foe;ijg; gpwg;G jLf;fg;gLfpwJ. mijaLj;J> MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba jhHkPfg; gz;G> ghrk;> ,aw;ifahd jhk;gj;a mikg;G Nghd;wtw;iw kOq;fbj;J tpLfpwJ. NkYk; cly; RfNk gpujhdk; vd;w kdepiyia ,UthplKk; Njhw;Wtpj;J tpLfpwJ. mJNghyNt> ngz; kfg;NgW va;JtJk;> mjd; %yk; mtsJ jha;ikg; gz;Gfs; G+hpg;gile;J> jha;ik ngWtjd; %yk; mtsJ ngz;ik KOikailtJk;> me;jf; fhyq;fspy; fztDk; kidtpAk; gu];guk; jq;fs; Rfq;fis tsUk; rpRTf;fhf jpahfk; nra;tJk;> Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd;g> mf; Foe;ij kPJ md;G nghoptJk;> jq;fsJ eyd;fis> Rfq;fis me;j Foe;ijfSf;fhfj; jpahfk; nra;tJk; Mfpa kdpjg; gz;Gfis> ,e;jf; FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;L rhjdq;fs; Jilj;njwpe;J tpLfpd;wd. FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;L rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; MzplKk;> ngz;zplKk; cly; neUf;fk; ,Uf;Fk; msTf;F kd neUf;fk; ,Uf;fhJ vd;gJ Ma;Tfs; $Wk; cz;ikahFk;.

NkYk;> ,d;W eilKiwapy; Gof;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; FLk;gf;fl;Lghl;L rhjdq;fs;> kUe;Jfs; vJthf ,Ug;gpDk; mtw;iwj; njhlHe;J gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ mijg; gad;gLj;Jgthpd; me;jpk fhyj;jpy; kpfg; nghpa euk;gpay; ghjpg;GfSf;F mJ top tFj;J tpLk;. NkYk; kd ,Wf;fk;> vspjpy; Nfhgilj;y;> kd mikjpapd;ik> Fiwe;j ,uj;j mOj;jk;> J}f;fkpd;ik> ,Uja gytPdk;> %isf; NfhshW> Kiwaw;w khjtplha; Nghd;w 28 tpj Neha;fSf;Fk;> NkYk; fUj;jil rhjdq;fis mjpfk; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ> fHg;gg;ig nraypoe;Jk; kw;Wk; Qhgfkpd;ik> typg;G Neha;> ,uj;j xOf;F Nghd;w Neha;fSk; Vw;gl fhuzkhf mike;J tpLk;. NkYk;> ngz;zpd; clypay; njhFjpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; jha;ik milAk; jd;ikiaAk; mtsJ fUg;ig ,og;gNjhL> mg;gbNa fHg;gk; jhpj;jhYk;> gpurt ehspy; mts; fLikahd typiaAk;> RftPdj;ijAk; mila NehpLk;.

xU ngz; jdJ ,sikg; gUtk; fle;J> ngz; vDk; me;j];ij milAk; NghJ mtsJ mj;jid euk;Gj; njhFjpfSk;> ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfSk;> mtisj; jha;ik vDk; gz;Gf;Fj; jahH nra;fpd;wd. ,e;j nray;ghLfs; mts; jhahFk; jFjp nfhz;l fhyk; tiu xU rq;fpypj; njhlH Nghy;> kUj;Jtf; fzf;Fg;gb 28 ehs; nfhz;l xU Row;rpahf nray;ghl;by; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

,e;j ,urhadr; nray;ghl;by;> kdpjd; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw xU nraw;ifahd jilia cz;L gz;Zk; NghJ> mj;jid urhadj; njhFjpfSk; KO khw;wk; miltJld; Njitapy;yhj vjpH tpisTfis Vw;gLj;j fhukhfpwJ. rPuhd Ntfj;jpy; nry;Yk; uapy; jilNaJk; ,y;yhj tiu ghJfhg;ghdJ> ,ilNa 1 Ko ,Uk;Gj; Jz;L FWf;fpl;lhYk;> nkhj;j uapYk; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shtJ Nghyj; jhd;> ,e;j kdpjdpd; euk;Gj; njhFjpAk; ghjpg;gilAk; vd;gJ cz;ik.

NkYk;> kdpjDf;Fj; Njitahd nrf;]; jd;ikia kl;Lk; ,e;j ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfs; Rug;gjpy;iy. khwhf> kdpjDf;F MSikiaAk;> RWRWg;igAk;> trPfuj;ijAk;> moifAk; mit jUfpd;wd. ,e;j ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd;> mtw;wpw;NfAhpa nray;ghLfis KO mstpy; nra;a tplhJ> jilia Vw;gLj;Jk; NghJ> mtw;wpd; gad;ghNl mHj;jkpy;yhj xd;whfp tpLfpwJ.

1. FLk;gf;fl;Lghl;L Kiwfs;

1 jw;fhypf fUj;jil Kiw (Reversible Method)

2 epue;juf; fUj;jil Kiw (Irreversible Method)

jw;fhypf fUj;jil Kiwfs; :

· fOTk; Kiw (Douche)

· khjtplha; ehisf; fzf;fpl;L clYwT nfhs;Sk; Kiw (Rhythm Method)

· clYwtpd; cr;rj;jpy; Mz;Fwpia ntspapy; vLj;J> ngz;zpd; cWg;Gf;F ntspNa tpe;ij ntspNaw;Wjy; (Withdrawal or Coitus Interptus – in Arbic "AZL")

· ngz;zpd; cWg;gpy; ghAk; tpe;ij mopf;Fk; khj;jpiufs; (Spermicides, Suppositories, Foaming Tablets etc.,)

· epNuhj; my;yJ MZiwfs; (Condoms)

· ngz;Ziw (Diaphragm)

· fHg;gg;igfspy; nghUj;jf; $ba fUj;jil rhjdq;fs; (Intra – Uterus Devices (IUD), eg : Loop, Coil etc.,)

· GNuhn[];Nlh[d; khj;jpiufs; (Projestogen Pills)

· GNuhn[];Nlh[d; Crp kUe;J (Projestogen Injection)

· Vida khj;jpiufs; (The Pills)

fOTk; Kiw (Douche)

,J eilKiwapy; ,y;iy.

khjtplha; ehisf; fzf;fpl;L clYwT nfhs;Sk; Kiw (Rhythm Method)

,k;Kiwg;gb khjtplha; Mdjd; gpd; cs;s xU thuKk;> khjtplha; Muk;gpf;F Kd; cs;s xUthuKk; clYwT nfhs;s ghJfhg;ghd fhyq;fshFk;. ,e;j fhyq;fspy;> khjtplha Md gpd; cs;s xU thuj;jpy; rpid Kl;il> tpe;Jld; NrHe;J fUj;jhpg;gjw;F jFjpaw;w epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;. mjhtJ> mg;nghOJ jhd; fU Kl;ilahdJ tsHepiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;. mLj;J> khjtplha;f;F Kd; cs;s xU thuj;jpy; rpid Kl;ilahdJ Kw;wpYk; KjpHtile;J> fUj;jhpg;gjw;Fz;lhd jFjpia ,oe;jpUf;Fk;. vdNt> kUj;Jt Nehf;fpy;> ,e;j fhyq;fspy; clYwT nfhs;Sk; NghJ> fUj;jhpg;gjw;F tha;g;G mjpfk; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;yyhNk jtpu> fUj;jhpg;gjw;F tha;g;Ng ,y;iy vd;W $wp tpl KbahJ. ,e;j ,U thuq;fSf;Fk; ,e;j ,U thuq;fSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l ehl;fs; fUj;jhpg;gjw;F mjpfk; tha;g;G cs;s ehl;fshFk;.

,e;j Kiw MZf;Fk;> ngz;Zf;Fk; ghJfhg;ghdJ. Mdhy; me;j ghJfhg;ghd ehl;fis fzf;fpLtJ vd;gJ ,ayhj xd;W. NkYk; ,e;j Kiwapy;> ,iwtd; tpjpj;jij ahuhYk; khw;w ,ayhJ.

ntspNaw;Wjy; (Withdrawal or Coitus Interptus – in Arbic "AZL")

,e;j Kiw ,];yhj;jpy;> ngUkhdhH K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfshy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Kiw vd;gij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;f.

,e;j Kiwg;gb> clYwtpd; cr;rj;jpd; nghOJ ntspNaWk; tpe;ij ngz;zpd; gpwg;GWg;gpw;F cs;Ns nrYj;jp tplhky;> ngz;zpd; cWg;gpypUe;J Mz; Fwpia ntspapy; vLj;J> tpe;ij ntspapy; nfhl;b tpLtjhFk;. ,e;j Kiw MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk; kpfg; ghJfhg;ghd KiwahFk;.

ngz;zpd; cWg;gpy; ghAk; tpe;ij mopf;Fk; khj;jpiufs; (Spermicides, Suppositories, Foaming Tablets etc.,)

,e;j tif khj;jpiufis clYwTf;F Kd; ngz; cWg;gpd; cs;Ns nrYj;jp tpLk; NghJ> clYwtpd; nghOJ ntspahFk; tpe;ij> ,e;j khj;jpiufspy; fye;Js;s ,urhadg; nghUs;> tpe;jpy; fye;Js;s capuZf;fisf; nfhd;W tpLfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; ngz; fUTwhky; jil nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

Mdhy; ,j;jifa khj;jpiufs; ngz; cWg;gpy; eikr;riyAk;> mhpg;igAk;> rpy Neuq;fspy; jPr;Rl;lhy; Vw;gLk; vhpAk; czHitAk; (Burning Sensation) nfhLf;Fk;.

epNuhj; my;yJ MZiwfs; (Condoms)

,J Mz;fs; mzpaf; $baJ. ,J clYwtpd; NghJ> ntspapLk; tpe;ij Mz; cWg;gpy; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; ciw jLj;J jd;Ds; Nrkpj;Jf; nfhs;tjhy;> ngz; fUtWtJ jLf;fg;gLfpwJ.

NkYk;> MZiw mzpe;J clYwT nfhs;tjhy;> MZf;Fk;> ngz;Zf;fk; fpilf;f Ntz;ba KO jpUg;jpiaj; jil nra;J tpLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> ,tw;iw mjpf mstpy; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ> kdhPjpahf MZk;> ngz;Zk; rpy khWghLfisAk;> top jtwy;fisAk; re;jpf;f NehpLk; vd;gij Kd;dNu tpsf;fpAs;Nshk;.

ngz;Ziw (Diaphragm)

,J ug;guhy; nra;ag;gl;l> nefpYk; jd;ik nfhz;l> jiyf;F mzpAk; njhg;gp Nghd;w mikg;igf; nfhz;lJ. ,ij ngz;zpd; cWg;gpy;> clYwTf;F Kd; mzptpf;ff; $ba fUj;jil rhjdk; MFk;. NkYk;> clYwtpd; NghJ ntspapLk; tpe;ij> ngz; cWg;gpy; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j rhjdk; jLj;J> ngz; fUTWtijj; jil nra;fpwJ. Mdhy; clYwTf;Fg;gpd; Fiwe;jJ 6 kzp NeukhtJ mzpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> ,ij mzptpf;f kUj;JtH my;yJ eH]; MfpNahUila cjtp mtrpak;.

NkYk;> ,g;nghOJ etPd ngz;Ziw rhjdq;fs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;L> tpiutpy; kf;fspd; cgNahj;jpw;F tutpUf;fpd;wd.

NkYk; ,Jtiu ghHj;j MW tpjkhd fUj;jil KiwfSk; gad;ghl;by; gy;NtW tpjkhd Kiwfisf; nfhz;lhYk;> fHg;gg;igapy; tpe;J NrHe;J fUj;jhpg;gijj; jil nra;af; $ba Kiwfshd ,tw;iw itj;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ> ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; mDkjpj;j rk;kjk; je;j eilKiwahd m];y; (3 tJ Kiw) I xj;J ,Uf;fpwJ.

Vnddpy;> m];y; Kiwapy; ngz;zpd; fU Kl;ilAk;> Mzpd; tpe;jZTk; NrHe;J fUj;jhpg;gjw;F Kd;Ng> tpe;jZthdJ ngz;zpd; cWg;Gf;F ntspNa ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ.

,Nj Kiwapy; jhd; Nkw;nrhd;d MW KiwfSk; mike;Js;sd. vdNt> Nkw;nrhd;d ,e;j Kiwfs; nray;ghl;by; NtW NtW tpjkhf mike;jpUe;jhYk;> egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; fhl;bj; je;j top Kiwahd m];y; f;F xg;ghf mike;Js;sJ vdyhk;.

fHg;gg;igfspy; nghUj;jf; $ba fUj;jil rhjdq;fs; (Intra – Uterus Devices (IUD), eg : Loop, Coil etc.,)

fUg;igapy; nghWj;jf; $ba ,e;j rhjdq;fs; fUj;jhpg;gij jil nra;fpd;wd. ngz; Kl;ilAk;> Mz; tpe;Jk; NrHe;j gpd; fUj;jhpg;gijAk;> fHg;gg;igapy; epiy nfhs;tijAk; jil nra;fpwJ. NkYk;> ,e;j rhjdq;fspypUe;J ntspahfpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,uhrhadk; (Chemical Compound) tpe;jZit nraypof;fr; nra;fpwJ.

rpyNtisfspy; ,ijAk; kPwp fHg;gk; Vw;gl;L tpLtJz;L. ,t;thW fHg;gk; Vw;gLk; NghJ> fUthdJ fUtiwf;F ntspNa tsu Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F ECTOPIC (at a site outside of womb) PREGNANCY vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thW Vw;gLk; fHg;gq;fs;> 4-6 khjq;fspy; fUr;rpijT cz;lhtjw;F mjpfkhd re;jHg;gq;fs; cz;L. fU cz;lhfhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhfNt mzpag;gl;l rhjdq;fs; mjd; Ntiyia rhptur; nra;ahky;> fUitAk; cz;lhf;fp> fUr;rpijitAk; Vw;gLj;Jkhdhy;> mjd; gad;ghL vd;d vd;gJ xU Nfs;tpf; Fwpahdnjhd;W!*

* Abortion, Birth Control & Surrogate Parenting. By Abul Fadl Mohsin Ebrahim (Quoted from South African Family Medical Advisor, Cape Town, The Reader’s Digest Association of South Africa (pty) Limited., 1983, 254)

NkYk;> ,e;jf; fhg;gH b vd;w fUj;jilr; rhjdkhdJ vd;w rpW cNyhff; Fr;rpAld; nfhz;lJ. NkYk;> ,e;j rhjdk; fHg;gg;igapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> fHg;gg;igapy; ,Uf;Fk; jputj;Jld; ,ize;J fhg;gH jputj;ij nkJthf ntspNaw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,jdhy; fHg;gg;igapy; fhg;gH jputk; #o;e;jpUf;Fk; NghJ> clYwtpd; NghJ ntspNaWk; tpe;jpy; cs;s mZf;fis ,e;j fhg;gHjputk; mopj;J tpLfpd;wJ.

NkYk;> ,J xU cNyhff; Fr;rpahy; nra;ag;gl;bUg;gjhy;> fHg;gg;igapy; Gz; Vw;gLj;jp Jiwfis cz;lhf;f epiwa re;jHg;gq;fs; cz;L. ,jdhy;> fHg;gg;igapypUe;J ,uj;jk; ntspNawp> ,uj;j xOf;F Vw;gl mjpfk; tha;g;G cz;L.

vdNt> ,j;jifa fUj;jilr; rhjdq;fs;> ngz;Zf;F ve;jtpj jPq;ifAk; tpistpf;fhJ vd mWjpapl;Lr; nrhy;y KbahJ. ,jd; gad;fs; mjpfk; ,Ue;jhYk;> Fiwthd vjpHtpisT $l kpFe;j Mgj;jhdnjhd;whfNt cs;sJ. NkYk;> ,r;rhjdq;fs; mzpe;Jk;> fHg;gk; jhpg;gJ vd;gJ 2 - 3 rjtPjk; jhd; ,Uf;Fk; vdyhk;. mJ 1 rjtPjk; ,Ue;jhYk; $l> ghjpg;G vd tUk; NghJ> mJ ngz;Zf;F kpFe;j Mgj;ij juty;yjhfty;yth mike;J tpLfpwJ. 4-6 khjq;fspy; fHg;gk; fiyAk; NghJ> mts; kpFe;j rpukj;jpw;Fk;> mjpfkhd ,uj;j xOf;F> ,Jkl;Lky;y mtsJ capUf;Nf $l mJ Mgj;jhf Kbayhk;.

NkYk;> fhg;gH b Vw;gLj;Jk; Gz;> ,dp mts; jha;ik miltij epue;jukhfj; jLf;ff; $ba xd;whf my;yth mike;J tpLk;.

vdNt> ,itAk; ,];yhk; vjpHghHf;Fk; me;j jFjpia vl;ltpy;iy vd;Nw nrhy;yyhk;.

GNuhn[];Nlh[d; khj;jpiufs; (Projestogen Pills) kw;Wk; GNuhn[];Nlh[d; Crp kUe;J (Projestogen Injection)

,d;W fUj;jilf;fhf mjpf mstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ> ,e;j khj;jpiufisj; jhd;. Mdhy; ,e;j khj;jpiufs; kw;Wk; Crpfspd; gpd;tpisTfis mjpfk; NgH mwpa tha;g;gpy;iy. NkYk;> ,d;W eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; fUj;jil khj;jpiufSk; CrpfSk; 100 rjtPjk; fUj;jilf;F cj;juthjk; ju ,ayhj fhuzj;jhy; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpAk;> mtw;iwAk; kPwp fU cz;lhfp tpl;lhy;> Vw;gl;l fHg;gj;ijf;fiyg;gjw;F> kUj;Jtkidfis ehl Ntz;ba mtrpak; Vw;gLfpwJ. mJ mtrpaj;jpYk; mtrpaKk;> mtruKk; $l. mt;thW fUf;fiyg;G nra;atpy;iy vdpy;> gpwf;Fk; Foe;ij CdKlDk;> mjpf FiwghLfSlDk; gpwf;ff; $ba tha;g;G mjpfk; cz;L.

taJ te;j ngz;zpDila khjtplha;f; fhykhd 28 (+ or - 2) ehs; Row;rpapy;> khjtplha; Vw;gl;l 14 tJ ehs; jha;ik mila mjpfk; tha;g;Gs;s ehl;fshFk;. ,e;j khjtplha;r; Row;rpapd; NghJ gpl;A+l;hp (Anterior Pitutory) vd;w ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpapypUe;J ntspahFk; FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) vd;w `hHNkhd;> ngz;zpd; ,d tpUj;jp cWg;gpd; xU ghfkhd fpuh/gpad; ghypf;fpy; (Graffian Follicle) - I KjpHtilar; nra;fpwJ. NkYk; gpl;A+l;hp (Anterior Pitutory) vd;w ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpapypUe;J ntsptUk; ,d;Dk; xU `hHNkhdhd LH (Leutenizing Hormone) vd;w `hHNkhd; fU cz;lhFk; Neuj;jpy;> ,e;j fpuh/gpad; /ghypf;fpiy (Graffian Follicle) j; J}z;b> fU tsHr;rp my;yJ rpidg; gpbj;jiy tpiuthf;FfpwJ. NkYk; Fallopian Tube y; ,Uf;Fk; fUKl;ilia tpe;jZthdJ mile;J> fUf;nfhs;fpwJ. fUf;nfhz;l Kl;ilahdJ> gpd; vd;w epiyia mile;J> fUTw;w ehspypUe;J 21-23 tJ ehs; fUg;igapy; epiy nfhs;fpwJ. ,e;j epiy nfhs;Sk; gb epiy 35k; ehs; Kbtilfpd;wJ.

Nkw;fz;l fU tsHepiyfisj; jil nra;tNj fUj;jil khj;jpiufs; gq;fhFk;. ,e;j fUj;jil khj;jpiufspy; vd;w ,U Ntjpg; nghUs;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. ,it fUj;jhpg;igj; jil nra;af; $ba kUe;JfshFk;.

,e;j khj;jpiufs; ,Utpj epiyfspy; fUj;jhpg;igj; jil nra;fpd;wd.mitahtd :

Combination Method

Sequential Method

Combination Method d; gb ,e;j khj;jpiufs;> FSH, (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) `hHNkhd; Rug;ig mjpfg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;> ngz;zpd; ,d tpUj;jp cWg;gpy; xd;whd fpuh/gpad; ghypf;fpy; (Graffian Follicle) I KjpHtilar; nra;Ak; mNjNtisapy;> rpidg; gpbg;gjw;F Ntz;b rpid Kl;iliaj; J}z;Lk; LH (Leutinizing Hormone) d; Rug;ig kl;Lg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;> rpid Kl;il KjpHtilAk; nraiy Jhpjg;gLj;jpAk; tpe;Jk;> ngz;zpd; fU Kl;ilAk; ,ize;J fUj;jhpg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd jFjpia fU Kl;il ngwhjjhy;> fUj;jhpg;G epfo;tJ jilgLfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; fUj;jil epfo;fpwJ.

mLj;J> Sequential Method gb> v];l;Nuh[d; (Estrogen) MdJ> FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) `hHNkhDila Rug;ig kl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ. mNjNtisapy; LH (Leutinizing Hormone) `hHNkhDila Rug;ig mjpfg;gLj;JfpwJ. FSH `hHNkhDila Rug;G Fiwtjdhy; ngz;zpd; ,d tpUj;jp cWg;gpy; xd;whd> Graffian Follicle d; tsHr;rp FiwfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; rpid Kl;ilapy; KjpH tsHr;rp jilgLtjhy;> fUj;jil epfo;fpwJ.

NkYk; ,e;j khj;jpiufspd; Kf;fpa gq;F vd;dntdpy;> gpl;A+l;hp (Anterior Pitutary) vd;w ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpapypUe;J> ngz;zpd; ,d tpUj;jpf;F ,dtpUj;jp cWg;Gfisj; jahH nra;af; $ba FSH kw;Wk; LH `hHNkhDila Rug;Gfspy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JtNj. ,tw;iwj; njhlHe;J xU ngz; cgNahfg;gLj;Jk; NghJ> mts; fPo;f;fhZk; Neha;fSf;F Mshf Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. NkYk;>, e;j fUj;jil khj;jpiufisg; gad;gLj;jpAk;> fUj;jhpj;J tpl;lhy;> mf; fUit tsu tpLtij tpl mopj;J tpLtNj NkyhdJ vd;gNj kUj;JtHfspd; VNfhgpj;j fUj;jhFk;. Vnddpy;>mg;gbg; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfs;> Cdj;Jld; gpwf;f mjpfk; tha;g;Gs;sJ vd;gJ jhd; mjd; fhuzkhFk;.

NkYk;> ,e;j fUj;jil khj;jpiufs;> cgNahfpf;Fk; ngz;Zf;F fPo;f;fhZk; Neha;fSld; nkhj;jk; 28 k; mjpfkhd Neha;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjhff; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,ja Neha;fs;

kd ,Wf;fk;

<uy; Neha;fs;

ngz; ,d cWg;gpypUe;J mjpfk; ,uj;jk; ntspNaWjy;

typg;G Neha;fs;

xw;iwj; jiytyp

clypy; GNuhl;Bd; mstpy; khWghL Vw;gLjy;

the;jp

rpWePH mjpfk; gphpjy;

Kiwaw;w khjtplha;

NkYk; ghY}l;Lk; jha;khHfs;> ,k; khj;jpiufis cgNahfpf;Fk; NghJ> ghy; Rug;gpDila msT FiwtJld;> cl;nfhs;Sk; khj;jpiufspy; fye;Js;s v];l;Nuh[d;> kw;Wk; GNuh[];bNuh[d; Mfpa Ntjpg; nghUs;fs; rpwpjsT ghYld; fye;J Ruf;ff; $ba epiyAk; cUthfyhk;. ,jd; %yk; ghy; mUe;Jk; Foe;ijf;Fg; gpd; tpisTfs; cz;lhf tha;g;Gs;sJ.

epue;ju fUj;jil Kiwfs; gw;wp ,dpf; fhz;Nghk;.

Mz; :

th]f;lkp (Vasectamy)

ngz; :

Kbr;rpLjy; my;yJ gpizj;jy; (Tubal Ligation)

fHg;gg;igia ePf;Fjy; (Hysterectomy)

Nyg;uh];Nfhgpf; (Laprascopy)

 

Mzpd; ,d tpUj;jpf;F Njitahd tpe;jZf;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; cWg;Gf;fSf;F tpjH (Testis) vd;W ngaH ,e;j tpjuhdJ> Mzpd; kHk cWg;gpw;Ff; fPNo gyhf; nfhl;il tbtpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j tpjUf;Fk;> Mzpd; kHk cWg;gpw;Fk; ,ilNa th]; bgud;]; vd;w Foha; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j th]; bgud;]; (Vas Deferens) jhd; tpe;jZit tpjhpypUe;J> Mzpd; kHk cWg;gpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; Fohahfr; nray;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Vas Deferens Fohiaj; Jz;bj;J tpLtjd; %yk;> Mzpd; tpjhpypUe;J flj;jg;gLk; tpe;jZ jilgLtjd; %yk; Mz; epue;ju kyl;Lj; jd;ikia mila KbfpwJ.

Mdhy;> ,d;W Jz;bf;fg;gl;l me;j th];bgud;]; (Vas Deferens) Fohia kPz;Lk; ,izj;J epue;ju kyl;Lj; jd;ikia Nghf;Ftjpy; xU rpy kUj;JtHfs; ntw;wp fz;Ls;shHfs;.

NkYk;> th]f;lkp nra;J nfhs;tjhy;> cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; tpe;jZthdJ> flj;jg;gl top ,y;yhky; nfl;bahfp> (SPERM GRANULOMA) vd;w Nehia cz;lhFk;.

ngz;zpd; ,d tpUj;jp cWg;Gf;fspy; xd;whd /ngy;Nyhgpd; Fohia Kbr;rpLjy; my;yJ gpizj;jy; my;yJ Jz;bj;jy; %ykhf> ngz;zpd; fUKl;il cw;gj;jpia jil nra;ag;gLfpwJ my;yJ cw;gj;jpia epue;jukhf ,y;yhkyhf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ngz;zpd; khjtplha; Kbe;jTld; fUg;igapypUe;J cw;gj;jpahFk; fU Kl;ilfs; ,e;j /ngNyhgpad; Foha; topahf fHg;gg; igf;F flj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F ,e;j fUj;jil Kiw %yk;> /ngNyhgpad; Fohia Kbr;rpLjy; my;yJ Jz;bj;jy; (,e;j Kiwfs; Foe;ij gpwe;jTld; nra;ag;gLfpwJ) %yk;> tpe;jhdJ ngNyhgpad; Fohia mile;jhYk;> mq;F fU Kl;ilfs; ,y;yhjjhy;> fUj;jhpg;gJ jilgLtjd; %yk; fUj;jil epfo;fpwJ.

rpy Ntisfspy;> Jz;bf;fg;gl;l ,e;j ngNyhgpad; Foha;fs;> mw;Gjkhd Kiwapy; kPz;Lk; ,ize;J fUj;jhpg;gpw;Fj; jahuhfp tpl;l epfo;TfSk; epfo;e;Js;sd vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ngNyhgpd; Foha; ePf;fg;gl;l gpd;G kPz;Lk; fUj;jhpj;jjd; fhuzkhf> rpfpr;ir mspj;j kUj;JtHfs; tof;Ffisr; re;jpg;gJk; cz;L.

,e;j Kiw %yk; KO fHg;gg; igiaak; ePf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;j Kiw kpf ePz;l mWit rpfpr;iriaAk;> ,uj;jg; Nghf;F Nghd;w Mgj;jhd epiyfisAk; nfhz;lJ. vdNt> ,jw;F mNefk; ngz;fs; rk;kjpg;gjpy;iy. ,Ue;Jk; ,g;nghOJ kUj;Jt fhuq;fisf

khwhf> fHg;gg;igapy; Gz; my;yJ fl;b Nghd;wtw;wpy; epue;ju Jd;gq;fis milgtHfSf;F kl;LNk ,e;j mWit rpfpr;ir gaDs;sjhFk;.

Mdhy; ,d;W rpy fy; neQ;rk; nfhz;l kUj;JtHfshy;> Nehahspfsplk; gzk; fwf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu Nehf;fj;Jld; ,e;j mWit rpfpr;ir cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. fHg;gg;igapy; Gz;> rpwpJ rpfpr;ir vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; Fzg;gLj;j ,ayf; $ba Neha;fisAk;> ,e;j rpy kUj;JtHfs;> ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;iz mWit rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;jp> gzk; gz;zpf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;. NkYk;> ,e;j mWit rpfpr;ir KjpNahHfSf;F nra;jhy; xusT ghjpg;Ng vw;gLk;. Mdhy; ,sk; ngz;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; NghJ> mtdJ> ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd; gad;ghl;by; jil Vw;gLj;Jtjhy;> mts; epue;ju euk;gpay; Neha;fSf;Fk;> mjpfkhd cly; cghijfSf;Fk; cl;gl Ntz;b tUk;.

Nyg;uh];Nfhgp (Laprascopy)

,e;j Kiwg;gb> /ngNyhg;gpad; FohahdJ rf;jp tha;e;j fjpHfshy; Rlg;gl;L> fU Kl;il nry;Yk;ghijahdJ %lg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Kiw kpf vspjhd Kiw vdyhk;. fU Kl;ilapd; cw;gj;jpapYk;> mtw;iw ntspNaw;WtjpYk; ghij jilgLtjhYk;> ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd; gq;fpy; kiwKfkhdnjhU jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd vdyhk;.

NkNy ehk; fz;l MZf;Fhpa th]f;lkp> ngz;Zf;Fhpa Kbr;rpLjy; my;yJ gpizj;jy;> fHg;gg;igapy; ePf;Fjy;> Nyg;uh];Nfhgpf; Kiwfs; Mfpa midj;Jk; VNjDk; xU tifapy;> cly;$wpy; ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd; nray;ghl;by;> VNjDk; xU jilia> jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JgitfshfNt cs;sd vdyhk;.

ve;jtpj gpd;tpisTfs; kw;Wk; ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd; nray;ghl;by; jil ,y;yhky;> fUj;jil rhjdq;fSk; mjd; kUe;JfSk; gq;fhw;Wtjpy;iy.

vdNt> fUj;jil nra;J nfhs;Sk; MZk;> ngz;Zk; VNjDk; xU tifapy; ghjpg;giltJ epjHrdk;.

,];yhk; toq;Fk; kUe;jpay; nfhs;if

K];ypk; vd;gtd; Rj;jkhdtdhfTk;> Neha; nehbaw;wtdhfTk;> jplfhj;jpuKs;stdhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,];yhk; tpUk;GfpwJ. ,jw;fhf> mtd; cl;nfhs;Sk; kUe;Jfs; vg;gbg;gl;litahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; tiuaiw nra;J fhl;bAs;sJ.

mjhtJ> xU kdpjd; jd; cly; eyj;Jf;fhf cl;nfhs;s Ntz;ba kUe;jpd; mbg;gil Fzhjpraq;fs; vt;thW ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy;>

mtdJ cly;eyj;ij mJ ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

Neha;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; fpUkpfspypUe;J ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

mk; kUe;Jfs; gpd; tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jhky mtidg; ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

(By Imam Ibn al Qayyim al Jawziyyah – Al Tibb al Nabawi)

,jw;fhf> ,khk; ,g;Dy; ifa;apk; my; [t;]pa;ah mtHfs; %d;W FHMd; trdq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf jUfpd;whHfs;.

mjhtJ> ukshd; khjj;jpy; Nehd;G Nehw;f flikahdtH> Neha; tha;g;gl;bUe;jhNyh my;yJ gazj;jpypUe;jhNyh mtH NehapypUe;J epthuzk; ngw;wTlNdh my;yJ gazj;jpypUe;J jpUk;gpaTlNdh tpLgl;l Nehd;Gfis mtd; gpd;tUk; ehl;fspy; G+Hj;jp nra;J nfhs;sl;Lk; (2:185)

,e;j trdk; %yk;> Nehd;G Nehw;gJ flik vd;wpUe;jhYk;> mtuJ cly;eyj;ijAk;> typikiaAk; fhf;Fk; nghUl;L. mtH Nehd;G Nehw;gjpypUe;J ,iwtd; tpjptpyf;F my;yJ rYif mspj;Js;shd;. vdNt> Nehd;G Nehw;wpUg;gtH NkYk; eyptilahkYk;> gazj;jpy; ,Ug;gtH grpapd; kpFjpahy; cly; njk;gpoe;J> NrhHTf;F Ml;glhkYk; ,Uf;f ,e;j tpjptpyf;F cjtp nra;tjhy;> mq;Nf mtuJ cly; eyk; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,uz;lhtjhf>

`[; fphpiafspy; jiy Kb ePf;FtJ xd;whFk;.

cq;fspy; vtH NehahspahfNth my;yJ mtuJ jiyapy; (mtUf;F) njhe;jutspf;ff; $baNjh ,Ue;jhy; (me;epiyapy; jiy Nuhkj;ij fise;J tpbd;) mjw;F (%d;W) Nehd;Gfs; Nehw;wy; my;yJ (MW ViofSf;F czT) jHkk; nra;jy; my;yJ `j;A (XH ML) nfhLj;jy; (VjhtJ xd;W) ghpfhukhFk;. (2:196)

Mf> jiyKb ePf;FtJ vd;gJ ,iwtdhYk;> mtdJ J}jH K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfshYk;> eilKiwg;gLj;j Vtg;gl;l xd;whf ,Ue;jhYk;> Neha; tha;g;gl;bUg;gtUf;Fk;> jiyapy; Gz;> nghLF Nghd;witfs; ,Ue;jhy;> Kbia kopf;Fk; NghJ> Vw;gLk; jPq;fpypUe;J mtUf;F ghJfhg;G mspf;fTk; ,iwtdhy; rYif mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk;> jPq;Ffs;> Neha;fs; NkYk; Vw;glhky; guthky; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ.

%d;whtjhf>

xUtH Neha; tha;g;gl;bUg;gpd;> jz;zPH nfhz;L xSr; nra;tjd; %yk; mtuJ Neha;> NkYk; mjpfhpf;Fk; vdpy;> mtH jak;kk; nra;J nfhs;sl;Lk;.

ePH vd;gJ xU Rj;jkhd nghUs;. mJ jhDk; Rj;jkhdJ> mijf; nfhz;L xUtH xSr; nra;Ak; NghJ> xSr; nra;gtUk; Rj;jkhfpwhH. Mdhy; Rj;jg;gLj;jf; $ba ePiu Nehahsp gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ> vjpH tpistpd; fhuzkhff NkYk; mtH eyptilaf; $Lk;. Nkw;fz;l gpd; tpisTfspypUe;J kdpjidg; ghJfhf;fNt mj;jifa epiyapy; cs;stHfis> kz;izf; nfhz;L jak;kk; nra;J> jk;ikr; Rj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;gb ,iwtd; rYif mspj;Js;shd;. Mf> ePhpd; %yk; Vw;gLk; gpd;tpisTfspypUe;J mtdj cly;eyk; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ.

njhOif vd;gJ ,iwtdhy;> K];ypk;fs; kPJ fl;lhaf; flikahf;fg;gl;l xd;W. mj;jifa njhOiff;F Kd; xUtH jz;zPH nfhz;L xSr; nra;J nfhs;tJ flikahFk;.

Mdhy; Rj;jg;gLj;jf; $ba jz;zPuhdJ> Nehahspf;F NkYk; Nehia mjpfhpj;JtpLk; vDk; epyik ,Ug;gpd;> me;j Nehahsp kz; nfhz;L jak;kk; nra;J nfhs;s ,iwtdhYk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshYk; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; me;j Nehahsp> NkYk; ghjpf;fg;gLtjpypUe;J jtpHe;J nfhs;fpd;whd;.

,jd; %yk; jd;Dila gpujpepjpahfpa ,e;j kdpj r%fj;jpd; kPJ ,iwtd; nfhz;Ls;s fUizia mwpe;J nfhs;tNjhL> jd;id tzq;Fk; jd; mbahd;> vg;nghOJk; MNuhf;fpaj;Jld;> Neha; kw;Wk; mjd; tpisTfspypUe;J ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;wtdhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ,iwtd; tpUk;Gtij mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Mdhy;> kdpjdhy; fUj;jilf;fhff; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l rhjdq;fs;> kUe;Jfs;> ,];yhk; tpUk;Gk; kUe;Jfspd; mbg;gilf; nfhs;if my;yJ gz;GfspypUe;Jk; khWgl;bUg;gij ehk; ,jw;F Kd; mtw;wpd; jPq;Ffis ehk; tpsf;fpatw;wpypUe;J mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

vdNt> kdpjDf;F ,e;j FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rhjdq;fs; r%f mstpYk;> cly;ey tifapYk; ed;ikia mspf;ftpy;iy. khwhf> jPikfs; jhd; mjpfk; cs;sd.

NkYk;> ,tw;wpy; gad;fSk; cz;Nl vdyhk;. kUj;Jt Nehf;fpy;> fUj;jil nra;tjdhy; nra;ag;gLk; egUk; cly; eyk; Ngzg;gLk; vdpy; ,t;thW nra;tij ,];yhk; mDkjpf;fpwJ.

vt;thnudpy;> K];ypk;fSf;F gd;wpapd; ,iwr;rpia cz;gij ,iwtd; jLj;jpUf;fpd;whd;.

Mdhy; fLikahd gQ;rk; my;yJ cz;z cztpy;yhky; capH NghFk; epiy my;yJ mtw;iw cz;jd %yk; capH gpioj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;w epiy ,Ug;gpDk; my;yJ epHg;ge;jk; fhuzkhf cz;z Nehpl;lhy; jtW ,y;iy> ,iwtd; mjidf; Fw;wk; gpbf;f khl;lhd; vd;W jpUkiw $Wfpd;wJ.

vdNt> fPo;f;fz;l tpjpg;gb> capH gpiog;gjw;fhfNth> NkYk; Neha; guthky; jL;ggjw;fhfNth FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghL nra;J nfhs;tJ ,];yhj;jpdhy; MFkhf;fg;gl;l my;yJ mDkjpf;fg;gl;l xd;W.

Mdhy;> ,d;iwa FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lq;fs;> nghUshjhu Nehf;fpy; my;yth nray;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt> ,iwtd; ,tw;iw mDkjpg;gjpy;iy.

NkYk;>

egpNa! ,tHfs; kJitAk;> #jhl;lj;ijAk; gw;wpAk; tpdTfpwhHfs;. ePH $Wk;> ,it ,uz;Lk; ghtkhditfshFk;. NkYk; ,tw;wpy; rpy ed;ikfSk; cs;sd. Mdhy; mtw;wpd; ed;ikfisf; fhl;bYk; jPikfs;jhd; mjpfk; cs;sd. (2:219)

vdNt> ,e;jf; FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; mjd; Jiz rhjdq;fs;> kUe;Jfs;> cyfpay; Nehf;fpy; ed;ik jUgdthf ,Ug;gpDk;> mJ jUk; ed;ikfis tpl jPikfs; jhd; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;gij Nkw;fz;l Ma;Tfs; %yk; ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

NkYk;> ,iwtd; jd; jpUkiwapy; $Wfpd;whd; :

kdpjHfNs! (cq;fs; ,iwtd;) G+kpapy; cq;fSf;F mDkjpaspj;jtw;wpypUe;J cz;Zq;fs;> gUFq;fs;. (2:168)

vdNt> ,iwtd; mDkjpaspj;jtw;wpypUe;J cz;gJk;> gUFtJk; cly;eyj;Jf;F vt;thW cfe;jNjh mJNghyj;jhd; Vida fhhpaq;fSk; ,iwtd; mDkjpaspf;fhj eilKiwfs; mj;jidAk; r%f kw;Wk; kdpj ,d mopTf;fj; jhd; kdpjid ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; vd;gJ cWjp. (,iwtd; ek;ikg; ghJfhg;ghdhf!)

fUf;fiyg;G my;yJ fUr;rpijT (ABORTION)

fUf;fiyg;G my;yJ fUr;rpijT vd;gJ kpfg; goikahdnjhU KiwahFk;. mghH\d; vdr; nrhy;yg;gLk; ,e;jf; fUf;fiyg;G Kiw ,uz;L tifahFk;.

D and C (Dilatation and Curretage)

Vacuum Aspiration Method MfpadthFk;.

,e;j Kiwfs; 20 thu fhy msTk;> mjw;Fk; Fiwe;j fhy msTs;s fUitf; fiyf;f Nkw;fz;l Kiwfs; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wd.

Fwpg;gpl;l fhy msitj; jhz;b tpl;l fHg;gj;ijf; fiyf;f fUg;igiar; Rw;wpAs;s Amniotic Fluid I ntspNaw;wp> mjw;Fg; gjpyhf cg;GePH fiuriyr; nrYj;Jtjd; %yk;> Fiwg;gpurtk; Vw;gl;L (Miscarriage) fUthdJ gpz;lkhf ntspj;js;sg;gLfpwJ.

Nkw;fz;l mghH\d; (D and C (Dilatation and Curretage),Vacuum Aspiration Amniotic Fluid Removal) Mfpa Kiwfs; %yk;> mghH\d; nra;ag;gLk; nghOJ> ngz;Zf;F mjpf ,uj;j xOf;F kw;Wk; rpWePuf ghjpg;GfSk; mjpfk; Vw;gl tha;g;Gs;sJ. NkYk; mjpf ,uj;jg; Nghf;F> mg;ngz;zpd; capiug; Nghf;Fk; fhuzpahff; $l mikayhk;.

NkYk;> jpUl;Lj;jdkhfr; nra;J nfhs;sg;gLk; Bd; V[; mghH\d;fs;> rhpahd guhkhpg;G ,d;wp> mg;ngz;Zf;F Neha;f;fpUkpfs; njhw;wTk;> NkYk; fUg; gpz;lk; ntspj;js;sg;gl;lgpd;> rhpahd mstpy; ,uj;jk; ntspNawp Rj;jg;gLj;jg;glhky; rhpahff; ftdpf;fg;glhky; tplg;gLkhdhy;> gpd;dhspy; mJNt> mtsJ jha;ikiag; gwpf;Fk; fhuzpahff; $l mikayhk;.

NkYk;> FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd; rhjdq;fSk;> khj;jpiufSk; CrpfSk; fUf;fiyg;gpd; (mghH\d;) msitf; Fiwj;Js;sjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; vq;nfy;yhk; FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lj; jpl;lk; filgpbf;fg;gLfpwNjh NkYk;> mjd; rhjdq;fSk;> khj;jpiufSk; jhuskhf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjh mq;nfy;yhk; fUf;fiyg;gpd; msTk; mjpfkhfj; jhd; cs;sJ.

Vnddpy;> fUj;jhpf;fhky; jLg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLk> Kd;jLg;G khj;jpiufspd;jd;ik gw;wp jfty; (Pamphlet – Information List) rPl;by;> gpd;tpisTfs; (Contra-indications) gFjpapy;> Kjy; jftNy fHg;gk; jhpf;f tha;g;Gs;sJ vd;gNjahFk;. vdNt> fHg;gk; jhpf;fhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf ,tHfs; gad;gLj;Jk; khj;jpiufisAk; kPwp fHg;gk; jhpj;J tpLk; NghJ> mghH\d; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhfpwJ.

NkYk;> mnkhpf;fhtpy; 8 rj ngz;fs; jpUkzj;jpw;F Kd;Dk; 20-25 rj ngz;fs; jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Dk; fUf;fiyg;G nra;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;.

[g;ghid vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> 1950 y; 21.5 rjkhfTk;> 1955 y; 25 rjkhftk;> fUf;fiyg;gpd; tpfpjk; $baJ. Prof. Sauvy mtHfsJ $w;Wg;gb 1.7 kpy;ypad; Foe;ij gpwe;Js;s mNj Neuj;jpy; 1.2 kpy;ypad; fUf;fiyg;Gk; ele;Js;sJ.

NkYk; vd;w jpdg; gj;jphpf;ifapd; Ma;tpd;gb> fUj;jiliag; gad;gLj;Jk; FLk;gq;fspy; jhd; mjpf mghH\d;fs; eilngWfpwJ. fUj;jiliag; gad;gLj;jhj FLk;gq;fis tpl 6 klq;f mjpfk; mghH\d;fs;> fUj;jilia my;yJ FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jk; FLk;gq;fspy; jhd; epfo;fpd;wJ.

gphpl;ldpy; ,e;j tpfpjk; 8.27 klq;F mjpfk; cs;sJ.

Bd; V[; fUf;fiyg;gpy; ,e;jpa epiy

,e;jpahtpy; ,g;nghOJ Bd; V[; ngz;fSf;F ,uT lhd;]; ghHl;bfs;> Nll;bq;]; vy;yhk; ehfhPfj;jpd; ntspg;ghlhfj; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;Js;sd. ,e;jpahtpy; jpUkzj;jpw;F Kd;Ng fUj;jhpf;Fk; 14 taJg; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if> efuq;fspy; mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl tUfpd;wd. ,uz;L khjf; fUitf; fiyj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;gJ> ,e;j ehfhPf kq;iffsplj;jpy; jpNal;lhpy; rpdpkhitg; ghHj;J tpl;Lj; jpUk;GtJ Nghy fhiyapy; mghH\d; nra;J tpl;L khiyapy; te;J tpLfpd;whHfs;.

by;ypapy; 1991 y; 278 Mf ,Ue;j Bd; V[; mghH\d; fle;j 1994 y; 676 Mff; $baJ. ekJ jkpo;ehl;ilAk; ,J tpl;L itf;ftpy;iy. 1994 y; nrd;idapy; kl;Lk; 16>000 mghH\d;fs; ele;jjpy; 20 rjtPjk; jpUkzkhfhj Bd; V[; ngz;fs;.

gk;ghapy; cs;s gHy; nrd;lH vd;w fpspdpf;fpy; Mz;bw;F 25>000 fUf;fiyg;Gr; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. ,jpy; 15 rjtPjk; jpUkzkhfhj Bd;V[; ngz;fs;.

mirl; vd;w Mq;fpyg; gj;jphpf;if elj;jpa Ma;tpy; fHg;g gaj;jhy; nrf;i]j; jtpHf;ftpy;iy. fHg;gkhdhy; ,Uf;fNt ,Uf;fpwJ mghH\d; vd;W me;jg; ngz;fs; $wpajhf> mirl; d; Ma;T $WfpwJ.

kpfr; rq;flkhf epiyapy; mghH\d; xU vspa jPHthfj; Njhd;wpdhYk;> cly; hPjpahfTk; czHTg; G+HtkhfTk; mJ gy jOk;Gfis Vw;gLj;jp tpLfpwJ.

nrd;id kfg;NgW epGzuhd lhf;lH ehuhaz nul;b> Bd; V[; Mz;> ngz;fsplk;> nrf;]; cwT itj;Jf; nfhs;shNj vdr; nrhy;y ehk; ahH? (gpd;Nd> vg;gb gzk; rk;ghjpg;gJ?! ,j;jifa Nf];fis ek;gpj;jhNd Vuhskhd fpspdpf;FfSk;> kUe;Jf; filfSk; gpiog;G elj;Jfpd;wd. M-H) Mdhy;> mjw;Fg; gjpyhf cly; cwT> fUj;jil gw;wp nrd;]; fy;tp mspf;fyhk; vd;fpwhH.

jkJ FLk;g tho;f;iff; fy;tpj; jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf> Nkhp ];lhg;]; vd;fpw FLk;g ey fpspdpf;Ffs;> jw;fhypf fUj;jil khj;jpiufs;> fhz;lk;fs; (epNuhj;) gad;gLj;Jk; tpjk; Fwpj;J tpsf;Ffpd;wd. (,e;jpah LNl - Vg;uy; 6-20> 1995)

vd;d mhpa Nrit?! fhz;Nlhk;fs; (epNuhj;) fUj;jil khj;jpiufs; Nghd;wtw;iw cgNahfpj;Jk; Bd;V[; my;yJ jpUkzkhfhj ngz;fs; fHg;gk; jhpg;gJ mjpfhpj;J tUtJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ vdpy;> ,e;jpahtk; jdJ jtwhd nfhs;ifapdhy; FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lj; jpl;lk; kw;Wk;mjd; rhjdq;fshy; rPuopit vjpHNehf;fpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lKk;> mJ rhHe;j khj;jpiufSk;> fhz;Nlhk;fs; (epNuhj;) Nghd;witfs; khHf;nfl;by; jhuhskhff; fpilg;gjhy;> FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;fhf ,itfs; gad;gLtij tpl tpgr;rhuk; ngUftk;> Bd;V[; fHg;gq;fs; mjpfhpf;fTk; jhd; gad;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;.

,e;jpa muR> ,dpNkYk; ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; tpopg;GzHT fhl;ltpy;iy vdpy;> mnkhpf;fh> gphpl;ld; Nghd;w tsHe;j ehLfspd; thpirapy; ,e;jpahTk; kpd ,dr; rPuoptpy; Kd;dzpapy; epw;Fk; vd;gJ epr;rakhfp tpLk;.

1 jtwhd rpj;jhe;jk;

,jw;F Kd; cs;s jiyg;Gfspy; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lKk; mJ rhHe;j kUe;JfSk; Vw;gLj;jpa rKjha khw;wk;> rKjha mopT Nghdw;tw;iw mjw;Fhpa fhuzq;fSld; ghHj;Njhk;. NkYk;> khy;j;j]; mgpkhdpfshy; nrhy;yg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;> kf;fs; njhif ngUfg; ngUf czTg; gw;whf;FiwAk;> ,lg; gw;whf;FiwAk; Vw;gLk; vd;gd Nghd;w jtwhd rpj;jhe;jq;fs; gw;wp ,dp ehk; fhzg;NghFk; mj;jpahaq;fs; %yk; njspthf;FNthk;.

mwptpay; Kiwg;gb Muha;e;j mj;jid Ma;TfSk;> mjd; ntspg;ghlhf mikAk; jPHT my;yJ Nfhl;ghL (THEORY) fs; Nghd;witfs; kdpj ,dj;Jf;F ed;ik gaf;Fk; vd;Nwh> kdpjid kdpjdhf xOf;f tpOkq;fis Ngzr; nra;gtdhf cUthf;fp tpLk; vd;Nwh $w ,ayhJ. 17 k; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j khy;j;j]; vd;W nrhy;yf; $ba mwpQd;? jd; tPl;L miwapy; cl;fhHe;J nfhz;L> fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L Nghl;l fzf;if kl;Lk; itj;Jf; nfhz;L> ,e;j mwptpay; kdpjd;> X! vd XykpLfpd;whd;. mtd; jd;idr; Rw;wpAs;s Nguz;lj;ijAk;> jd;idr; Rw;wp tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Vida [PtuhrpfisAk;> gilj;J mj;jidf;Fk; xU epajpia toq;fp> guhkhpj;J tUk; Vf ,iwNahdhfpa ty;y my;yh`;tpd; Mw;wiy mtdJ Czf; fz; fzpf;fj; jtwp tpl;lJ. New;W jhd; xU ,y;yhikapypUe;J my;yJ G+[;aj;jpypUe;J Njhd;wpaijAk;> jd;Dila ,t;tsT nghpa cUtj;ij mw;g tpe;jpypUe;J ntspahf;fp ,Ug;gijAk; kdpjd; ftdpf;fj; jtwp tpl;lhd;.

kdpjdpd; vz;zpf;if ,Nj epiyapy; tsHe;J nfhz;Nl Nghdhy;> ,dp kdpjd; tho ,g;G+kpapy; ,lk; ,Ug;gJ vd;w jtwhd thjj;ij vOg;Gfpd;whd;. mtd; vOg;Gk; thjk; jtwhdJ!

NkYk;> gy;fpg; ngUFk; kf;fs; njhifahy; nghUshjhug; ghjpg;G Vw;gLfpwJ vd;fpwhd;. ,g;gbr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl Kjyhspj;JtKk;> fk;A+dp]Kk; mtdplk; Njitaw;w EfHnghUs; Miria cz;lhf;fp> mtdplk; Njitaw;w gzr;RikiaAk; my;yJ nghUshjhug; gw;whf;FiwiaAk; mjpfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Nl tUtijAk;> NkYk; ,e;jr; Rikfs; ahTk; ,tdJ EfHnghUs; Mirahy; tpise;jJ vd ,tid ,e;j ,af;fq;fs; rpe;jpf;ff; $l tpLtjpy;iy. khwhf> ,e;jr; Rikfs; mjpfg;gbahd Foe;ijg; Ngw;why; te;jJ vdr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl> cz;ik epiyia ,e;j mwpQHfs; njhpe;Jk; kiwg;gJ Vd;?

NkYk;> mjpfg;gbahd kf;fs; njhifg; ngUf;fj;jhy; czTg; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk; vd;fpwhd;. ,e;j thjk; vt;tsT jtwhdJ!! ,j;jid Nguz;lj;ijAk; gilj;J ghpghypf;Fk; me;j Vf ,iwNahdhfpa my;yh`;tpd; ty;yikapy; my;yth ,e;j mw;g kdpjd; re;Njfk; nfhz;L tpl;lhd;. kdpjdJ fzf;F jtwhdJ!! cyfpay; Nehf;Ff; nfhz;lJ. kdpjd; jhd; nfhz;Ls;s gFj;jwpitf; nfhz;L XusNt tpra Qhdq;fis vl;l KbAk; ,e;j miuFiw tpra QhdKs;s kdpjd; NghLk; fzf;F jtwhdJ. ,iwtd; NghLk; fzf;fpd; Kd; kdpjd; mw;gj;jpYk; mw;gk;. ,iwtdpd; mUl;nfhil ,g; Nguz;lk; KOtJk; gutpAs;sJ. mjd; %yk; kdpjd; cl;gl midj;J [PtuhrpfSk; gad;ngWfpd;wd. kdpjd; jtpu midj;J [PtuhrpfSk; mjw;nfd jtwhJ ed;wp nrYj;Jgitahf cs;sd. vdNt> mit epk;kjpNahL ehis vd;d? vg;gb? vd;w Rik ,y;yhJ tho;fpd;wd. Mdhy; kdpjd; ed;wp kwe;jtdhfTk;> Vf ,iwtdJ newpKiwfspdpd;Wk; gpwo;e;jtdhfTk;> jd;Dila gpbthjj;jhy;> mfk;ghtj;jhy; rPuopitj; jhNd Njbf; nfhz;lhd;. mj;jifa rPuopTfspy; xd;W jhd; FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lj; jpl;lk;.

FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lj;jpl;lk;> ntWk; nghUshjhu kUj;Jt epiyfspy; kl;Lk; kdpjDf;F ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy. mjpYk; Nkyhd kdpj ehfhPfj;jpy; xOf;ff; fl;Lkhdj;jpy; my;yth ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jp cs;sJ.

,dp> ,e;j mwpQHfs; $Wk;> tho;thjhug; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk; vd;gJ gw;wp ghHg;Nghk;.

m) tho;thjhug; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLkh?

kdpjd; trpf;Fk; ,e;j G+kpapd; trpg;gplkhdJ my;yJ nfhs;sthdJ Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; jhd; cs;sJ. NkYk;> mjpy; cs;s tsq;fSk; Fwpg;gpll msNt cs;sd. NkYk;> tsHe;J tUk; kf;fs; njhifapd; ngUf;fk;> ,e;j Fwpg;gpl;l msNt cs;s tsq;fis gq;F NghLk; NghJ> gw;whf;Fiw vd;gJ jtpHf;f ,ayhj xd;whf Mfp tpLk; vd;fpd;wdH ,e;j mwpQH? ngUkf;fs;. ,jd; %yk; xt;nthU kdpjDk; rpy> gy nrsfhpaq;fisr; re;jpf;f NehpLk;. ,t;thwhd Kiwapy; kdpjd; ghjpf;fg;gLtijj; jLf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy;> tsUk; kf;fs; njhifiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ mtrpak; vd;fpd;wdH.

,iwtd; $Wfpd;whd; :

epr;rakhf ehk; xt;nthU nghUisAk; (epHzapf;fg;gl;l) mstpd;gbNa gilj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. (my;FHMd; 54:49)

,t;TyifAk;> mjpy; cs;s [Ptuhrpfs; mj;jidiaAk; gilj;Jg; ghpghypj;J tUk; Vf ,iwtd; jd; gzilgFSf;F vd;d vd;d Ntz;Lk;> mit ve;j mstpy; Njit vd;gd Nghd;w tho;thjhu trjpfis ,e;j cyfk; epiyngw;wpUf;Fk; ehs; tiuAk ;mtw;Wf;fhd Vw;ghl;ilr; nra;Nj itj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. me;j Vf Nghf ,iwtd; jhd; ,e;j KOg; Nguz;lj;jpd; #j;jpujhp. mtdJ jpl;lq;fs; nray;ghLfs;> midj;Jk; mZtpd; mZtsT $l Fiwaw;wit. mtdJ mUl;nfhilfis mwpahJ> mjpy; nghjpe;Js;s NgUz;ikfis ftdpahky;> jd; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; tho;thdhfpy;> e\;lk; milag; NghtJ kdpjNdad;wp NtW ahH?

,iwtd; fzf;fw;w caphpdq;fis ,e;j G+kpapy; gut tpl;Ls;shd;. mtw;wpy; VjhtJ xU caphpia my;yJ rpy caphpdq;fis kl;Lk;> mtw;wpd; caphpdg; ngUf;fj;jpy; ve;j mopitAk; Vw;gLj;jhJ cw;gj;jp nra;a tpl;Nlhkhdhy; kl;Lk; NghJk;> ,e;j G+kp KOtJk; me;j Fwpg;gpl;l caphp my;yJ mjd; ,dk; kl;LNk ,ej G+kp KOtJk; epiwe;jpUf;Fk;.

cjhuzkhf> jhtu ,dj;jpy; SISYMBRIUM SOPHIA vd;w jhtuj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. ,jd; xt;nthU fpis ,dKk; 3/4 kpy;ypad; tpijfisf; nfhz;lJ. ,e;j ,dj;jpd;> xU fpis ,dj;jpd; tpijia kl;Lk; Kiwg;gpf;fr; nra;Nthkhdhy;> %d;W tUlj;jpy; ,g;G+kp KOtJk; ,e;j jhtuk; kl;LNk epiwe;jpUf;Fk;.

el;rj;jpu kPd; (STAR FISH) xU jlitf;F ,U E}W kpy;ypad; Kl;ilfis ,LfpwJ. mNj vz;zpf;ifapy; mj;jid Kl;ilfSk; FQ;Rfshfg; nghhpe;jnjdpy;> mjdJ %d;whtJ my;yJ ehd;fhtJ jiyKiwapy; fly;KOg;gug;Gk; el;rj;jpu kPd; kl;LNk epiwe;jpUf;Fk;.

kdpjd; xU Kiw ntspNaw;Wk; tpe;J (SEMEN) d; %yk; 300-400 kpy;ypad; ngz;fisf; fUj;jhpf;fr; nra;a KbAk;. ,g;G+kp KOtJk; kdpjHfshf epuk;g gy E}W kpy;ypad; Mz;fs; Njitapy;iy. khwhf xU Mz; NghJk;. xU rpy tUlq;fspNyNa ,g;G+kpia kdpjHfspd; $l;lq;fshf epug;gp tplyhk;.

NkYk;> gwit ,dq;fs;> kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fs; Nghd;w caphpdq;fs; Fiwe;j fhy mstpy; epiwe;j re;jjpfisg; ngUf;ff; $bait. Mdhy;> mtw;wpd; cw;gj;jpapd; msT xU fl;Lf; Nfhg;Gf;Fs; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mitfs; gy;fpg; ngUFtij itj;J> kdpjd; fzf;fpl;lhNdahdhy;> mitfSk; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;jpl;lj;ij Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w KbTf;F tu Ntz;b tUk;?!!

,j;jidiaAk; xUq;Nf fl;Lf;Fs; itj;jpUg;gtd; Vf ,iwtd; md;Nwh!! me;j Vf ,iwtdhfpa my;yh`;tpd; gilg;ghw;wiy fz; nfhz;L ghHf;f kWf;fpd;whd;. mtdJ rlthjk; mtdJ fz;iz kiwj;J tpl;lJ. kdpjd; jd; gFj;jwpit itj;J> Fwpg;gpl;l msNt rpe;jid kw;Wk; jpwdha;T nra;a ,aYk;. mtdhy; ,ayhjij vd;WNk mtd; xg;Gf; nfhs;tjpy;iy. mtid kPwpr; nry;Yk; eilKiwfSf;F ,iwtdJ topfhl;Ljiy ehLtjpy;iy. ,iwtd; jd;Dila gilg;gpdq;fSf;F vJ Njit> vg;nghOJ Njit> vd;d Njit vd;gdtw;iw mtd; ed;fwpe;jtd;. gy bhpy;ypad; kf;fs; njhifapd; msTf;F kf;fs; njhif tsHr;rp vl;bdhy; $l midj;Jf;Fk; czT Gfl;lf; $ba u`;khd; my;yth mtd;!! mtd; jd; gpujpepjpahfpa ,e;j kdpjid G+kpapy; epiy ngw;wpUf;fr; nra;a Ntz;ba fhynky;yhk;> ,e;j kdpj ,dj;Jf;Fk;> kw;w Vida gilg;GfSf;Fk; Njitahd mj;jidiaAk; epiy ngw;wpUf;fr; nra;thd;.

,dp nghUshjhuKk;> tho;thjhuKk; kf;fs; njhif tsu tsu vt;thW tsHe;Nj te;Js;sj vd;gijf; fhz;Nghk;.

M) cyf kf;fs; njhif tsHr;rpAk;> czT cw;gj;jpAk;>

jdpegH tUkhdKk;

Mz;L - kf;fs; njhif (Nfhbapy;)

1650 - 50

1850 - 100

1930 - 200

1975 - 400

1995 - 573

fp.gp. 1650 Kjy; 1995 giu cs;s 345 tUlq;fspy; kf;fs; njhifahdJ mghpjkhf tsHe;Js;sJ. mJTk; 1930 – 1995 f;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; cs;s 60 Mz;Lfspy; 373 Nfhbahf kf;fs; njhif tsHe;Js;sJ.

,e;j msT caHe;Js;s kf;fs; njhifapdhy; kl;Lk;> cyfpy; tho;thjhuk; fpilf;fhky; cz;z czT ,y;yhky;> ,Uf;f ,lk; ,y;yhky; kf;fs; nrj;J kbe;jjhfNth my;yJ ,l neUf;fbapd; fhuzkhf mnrsfhpaq;fis mile;jjhfNth ek;khy; mwpa Kbatpy;iy. NkYk; ,t;tsT nghpa kf;fs; njhiff;F trpg;gplk; je;Jk;> czT je;Jk; ,d;Dk; kdpjd; FbapUf;f Vfg;gl;l epyk; fhypahfTk;> tUfpd;w ehl;fspy; czTg; gQ;rk; Vw;gl;lhYk;> epk;kjpahfr; rhg;gplf; $ba msTf;F czT jhdpaf; ifapUg;G ngUk;ghYk; midj;J ehLfsplKk; cs;sNj. ,e;jf; ifapUg;G Nghf> Vio ehLfSf;F czTfisj; jhdk; nra;af; $ba ehLfs; cs;sJ.

1995 y; ,e;jpuh fhq;fpu]; Ml;rpapd; nghOJ> epjp mikr;rH kd;Nkhfd;rpq; $wpa tptuq;fisf; ftdpf;f.

jw;Nghija czTg; nghUs; ifapUg;G 3 Nfhb ld;fs;. 2 Nfhb ld;fs; ,Ue;jhNy NghJk; NkYk; 66 Mapuk; Nfhb me;epar; nrythzp ifapUg;G cs;sJ. fLk;; twl;rpNa te;jhYk;> tpiyia fl;Lf;Fs; itj;jpUf;f KbAk;. (jfty; : ,e;jpahLNl khHr; 21 - Vg;uy; 5> 1995)

NkYk; ekJ ,e;jpag; gpujkH 1997 nfd;a tp[aj;jpd; nghOJ> gpujkH F[;uhy; mtHfs; nfd;ahTf;F 1000 ld; czTg; nghUl;fis> twl;rp epthuz cjtpahfr; jUtjhf mwptpj;jhH. ,j;jifa mstpy; xU ehL ghjpg;gilAk; NghJ> kw;w ehLfs; jkJ ifapUg;gpy; cs;s czTg; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L cjtp tUtJ ,d;iwa cyfpy; mjpfk; ele;J tUk; epfo;TfshFk;.

NkYk;> ,d;iwa ,e;jpa kf;fs; njhif 100 Nfhbf;Fk; mjpfk;. ,e;j 100 Nfhbf;Fk; mjpfkhd kf;fSk; cz;gjw;F Ntz;ba cztpd; ,Ug;G Nghfj; jhNd> kPjpia nfd;ah Nghd;w twl;rpapy; ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shFk; ehLfSf;F cjtpahfTk; > ,d;Dk; Vida ehLfSf;F czTg; nghUl;fis Vw;Wkjp nra;Jk;> ehL me;epar; nrythzpia <l;bf; nfhs;fpwJ.mjhtJ> fle;j 1994 y; nrsjp mNugpahtpw;F ,e;jpah Vw;Wkjp nra;j mhprpapd; msT vd;dntdpy;> 2>78>000 ld;fshFk;. (mug; epA+]; - rdp> Mf];L 16-1997)

NkNy ehk; Fwpg;gpl;l nrsjp mNugpah Nghf ,d;Dk; Vuhskhd ehLfSf;F ,e;jpa Vw;Wkjp nra;Ak; czTg; nghUl;fspd; msitr; NrHj;jhy;> ekJ Njitf;F mjpfkhfNt czT cw;gj;jp Mtij mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

fle;j 1898 y; gphpl;ldpd;> gphpl;b\; mNrh]paidr; NrHe;j jiytH> rH tpy;ypak;]; f;&f;]; vd;gtH xU fUj;ij ntspapl;lhH. mjhtJ> gphpl;ldpd; kf;fs; nfhif ,Nj mstpy; tsHe;J nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhy;> ,d;Dk; 30 Mz;Lfspy;> tsUk; kf;fs; njhiff;F Vw;g ek;kplk; NfhJik cw;gj;jp ,Uf;fhJ. ,jdhy; gphpl;ld; kpfg; ngUk; czTg; gw;whf;Fiwiar; re;jpf;Fk; vd;whH. rH tpy;ypak;]; f;&f;]; mtHfs; $wpagb> gphpl;ld; czTg; gw;whf;Fiwiar; re;jpj;jjh?

1934-38 y; 0.94 nkl;hpf; ld;/Vf;fH Mf ,Ue;j gphpl;ldpd; NfhJik cw;gj;jp 1956 y; 1.26 nkl;hpf; ld; /Vf;fH Mff; $baJ.

1995 y; gphpl;ldpd; nkhj;j NfhJik cw;gj;jp 14>300>000 nkl;hpf; ld; Mf caHe;jJ.

NkYk;> czT cw;gj;jpapd; msthdJ> tsHe;J tUk; kf;fs; njhiff;F Vw;g caHe;J nfhz;Nl jhd; te;jNj xopa> tsHe;J tpl;l kf;fs; njhif fhuzkhf ahUk; gl;bdp fplf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ ,d;iwa epjHrd cz;ikahFk;.

fp.gp. 1780 y; gphpl;ldpd; kf;fs; njhif 8 kpy;ypad;.

1815 y; --- 18.5 kpy;ypad;

1911 y; --- 45.2 kpy;ypad;

1996 y; --- 65 kpy;ypad;

Mf> rH tpy;ypak; f;&f;]; mwpf;if ntspapl;l 1898 Kjy; 1997 tiu rhpahf xU E}w;whz;L fle;J tpl;l epiyapy;> gphpl;ldpd; czT cw;gj;jp mjpfhpj;J> kf;fs; midtUk; czTg; gw;whf;Fiw ,y;yhky; tho;tJ> Nkw;fz;l khy;j;j]; rhHGthj mwpQHfspd; $w;iw ngha;ahf;Ffpwjy;yth?

,Nj rk fhyj;jpy; mnkhpf;fhtpYk; mHn[z;bdhtpYk; kpj kpQ;rpa NfhJik cw;gj;jpapd; fhuzkhf Vw;gl;l tpiyr; rhpitf; fl;Lg;gLj;j> me;j muRfs; kpj kpQ;rpa NfhJikia ld; fzf;fpy; flypy; nfhl;bAk;> vhpj;Jk; mopj;jdNu> mij cyfk; kwe;J tpl;ljh? jtwhdnjhU rpj;jhe;jf; nfhs;iffisf; ifapy; J}f;fp itj;Jf; nfhz;L> rpW gps;isfspd; mOifia mlf;f G+r;rhz;b tUtjhff; fw;gidahff; $WNthNk> mijg; Nghy; ,e;j mwpQH? ngUkf;fs; ngaH njhpahj CUf;F top nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.

NkYk; 1950 y; ,e;jpahtpd; kf;fs; njhif 361.1 kpy;ypad; MFk;. 1997 y; 965 kpy;ypad; Mff; $bAs;sJ. NkYk;> 2002 gpy;ypad; kf;fs; njhifia tpl mjpfk; Mfp tpl;lJ.

,jpy; tWikf; Nfhl;Lf;Ff; fPNo fdprkhd msT> mjhtJ 65 rjtPj kf;fs; tho;e;jhYk;> ,ejpah czT cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwitf; fz;Ls;sJ. mNj Nghy jdp egH tUkhdKk;> Mz;Lf;F Mz;L $bf; nfhz;Nl jhd; tUfpd;wJ.

vt;thnudpy;> ,e;jpahtpd; nkhj;j czT cw;gj;jp 1950 y; 50.8 kpy;ypad; ld;. 1995-96 y; 185 kpy;ypad; ld;dhf czT cw;gj;jp caHe;Js;sJ vijf; fhl;Lfpd;wnjdpy;> kf;fs; njhif cau cau cw;gj;jpAk; caHe;J nfhz;L jhd; te;Js;sJ.

Mdhy; ,e;j cw;gj;jp rhpahd mstpy; gq;fplg;glhkYk;*> ghJfhf;fg;glhkYk;> cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; msTf;F Vw;g jhdpa gjdply; trjpapy;yhikAk;** Mfpa fhuzq;fshy; czTg; nghUs; tPzbf;fg;gLtjhy; jhd; ghjpg;Gk; e\;lKk; Vw;gLfpwNj xopa> FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;ijf; filgpbj;jjhy; my;y. (*, ** tpiuakhFk; cw;gj;jp vDk; jiyg;gpy; fhz;f (ghfk; 2 y; 6)

juk; tUkhd kjpg;G ,e;jpa &ghapy;

1985 - 1986 1992 - 1993

fPo;j;jl;L &.9000/-fPNo 18>000/-fPNo

jho;eLj;jl;L 9000/- - 18>000/- 18>000/- - 36>000/-

eLj;juk; 18>001/- - 30>000/- 36>001/- - 56>000

caHeLj;juk; 30>001/- - 42>000/- 56>001/- - 78>000/-

Nky;juk; 42>000 NkNy 78>000 NkNy

- Mjhuk; : ,e;jpa LNl> Vg;uy; 6-20 - 1995.

kf;fs; njhif $ba mNj mstpy; ruhrhp ,e;jpadpd; tUl tUkhdKk; $bNa te;Js;sJ. vdNt ,tHfs; fz;L gag;gLk; tho;thjhuk; ghjpf;fg;Lk; vDk; gpuikAk; jtW vd;gJk; ep&gzkhfpwJ.

NkYk;> khy;j;j]; mgpkhdpfs; $Wk;> FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;ij gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ jhd; ehl;by; tho;thjhuKk;> ehl;by; nghUshjhuKk;> njhopy; tsHr;rpAk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.

vt;thnwdpy;> ,d;iwa Foe;ij jhd; ehisa EfHNthH. ,d;iwa njhopy; tsHr;rpAk;> njhopw;rhiyfSk;> ,d;iwa kf;fspd; Njitfis epiwNtw;Wk; msT cs;sd vd itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mjhtJ 100 Nfhb kf;fspd; EfH nghUs; kw;Wk; czTj; Njitia epiwT nra;Ak; nghUl;L mike;Js;sd. Nkw;gb 100 Nfhb kf;fs; njhifia> FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; 100 my;yJ 150 Mz;Lfspy; Fiwf;fpNwhk; vdpy;> Fiwe;J tpl;l kf;fs; njhiff;F Vw;g cw;gj;jpiaAk; Fiwf;f NehpLk;. cw;gj;jp FiwAk; NghJ> njhopw;rhiyfisAk;> cw;gj;jpahsHfisAk;> njhopyhsHfisAk; Fiwf;f NehpLk;. ,jd; %yk; ehl;bd; njhopy; tsKk;> re;ijg; nghUshjhuKk; ntFthfg; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. mj;Jld; Ntiy ,y;yhj; jpz;lhl;lKk; Vw;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuKk; r%f epiyAk; ntFthfg; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.

NkYk;> ,uz;L cyfg; NghHfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy;> gpuhd;];> gphpl;ld;> n[Hkdp Nghd;w ehLfspy; Vw;gl;l kf;fs; njhiff; FiwT> Fwpg;ghf mjpf Mz;fs; ,we;jjd; fhuzkhf> gpwg;G tpfpjk; ntFthff; Fiwe;J NghdJ.

,e;j gpwg;G tpfpjj;ijAk;> ehl;bd; kf;fs; njhifiaAk; rhp nra;tjw;fhf> ntspehl;L kf;fis FbNaw;Wtjw;F> jk; FbNaw;wr; rl;l tpjpfspy; Vfg;gl;l khWghLfisr; nra;J> Rje;jpukhd FbNaw;wj;jpw;F top nra;jJ. Mdhy;> ,d;W mt;thW FbNawpa gy;NtW kf;fspd; ,dk;> ehL> nkhop> epwk;> fyhr;rhuk; fhuzkhf> ,e;jf; FbNawpa kf;fs; nrhe;j ehl;L kf;fSld; NtWgl;L epw;fpwhHfs;. ,e;j NtWghlhdJ> ,e;j muRfSf;F ngUk; jiytypahf cs;sJ. Vnddpy;> FbNawpa kf;fs; kPJ> cs;ehl;L kf;fs; mjpfkhd jhf;Fjy;fspy; <LgLfpwhHfs;. NkYk> Ntiy tha;g;G Nghd;wtw;wpy; cs; ehl;L kf;fSf;Fk;> ntspehl;by; ,Ue;J FbNawpa kf;fSf;Fk; Vw;gLk; Nghl;bahdJ> cs;ehl;L kf;fs; muRf;F vjpuhfTk;> ntspehl;ltHfsi ntspNaw;wf; NfhhpAk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <LgLk; #oy; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy; nghUshjhug; ghjpg;Gk;> ehl;bd; ];jpuj; jd;ikapy; gpur;idiaAk;> ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jp tUfpwJ vdyhk;.

,Nj Neuj;jpy; kf;fs; njhif ngUfg; ngUf cw;gj;jp ngUf Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jk;> kdpjid tpiuthd cw;gj;jpf;F mtidj; J}z;LfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; Ntiy tha;g;G> njhopy; tsHr;rp ngUFtNjhL> ehl;bd; nghUshjhuKk; caUk; mNjNtisapy;. ehl;bd; ghJfhg;Gk; gyg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

New;W tiu ek; ehl;by; xU khL xU ehisf;F 10 ypl;lH ghy; fue;jhy; Mr;rhpak;. Mdhy; ,d;W xU ehisf;F 40 ypl;lH fuf;Fk; fyg;G ,d khLfs; te;J tpl;ld. NkYk;> M];jpNuypah> nld;khHf;> `hye;J Nghd;w ehLfspd; khLfs; xU ehisf;F 90 ypl;lH ghy; fwf;Fk; jpwDilait. Nkw;gb ehLfspypUe;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;j khLfSf;F> mNj rPNjh\;z epiyia nraw;ifahf cUthf;fp> nrsjp mNugpahg; ghy; gz;izfspy;> mNj 90 ypl;lUf;Fk; Fiwtpy;yhj ghiy cw;gj;jp nra;fpwhHfs;. mNj Nghy Nkw;gb ehLfspd; khLfs; <Dk; fd;whdJ> 8 khjj;jpNyNa rpidf;Fj; jahuhfp tpLfpd;wJ. mNj Nghy jpdk; xd;Wf;F ek;ehl;Lg; gz;izfspd; Nfhopfs; xU Kl;il jhd; ,Lk;. ,d;W xU ehisf;F ,uz;L Kl;il ,Lk; Nfhopfs; te;J tpl;ld.

mNjNghy> 1 fpNyh fj;jhpf;fha; gwpf;f 10 nehbfspy; fha; gwpf;f Ntz;ba epiy Ngha;> ,d;W xU nehbapNYNa 10 fpNyh fj;jhpf;fha; gwpf;Fk; msTf;F cyfj;jpy; njhopy; El;gk; tsHe;Js;sJ.

Kd;G ney; mWtil nra;a 6 khjk; fhj;jpUe;jJ Nghf> ,d;W 90 ehl;fspy; mWtil nra;af; $ba ,dq;fis kdpjd; fz;Lgpbj;Js;shd;.

vdNt> kf;fs; njhif ngUfg; ngUf> mtw;iwr; rkhspf;f Ntz;bajd; nghUl;L vOe;j ce;Jjy;fs; kdpjid Gjpa Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfis nra;aj; J}z;baJ. mjw;F Vw;whw; Nghy;> Genetic Engineering Nghd;w GJg;GJ mwptpay; Jiwfs; Vw;gl;L> tptrhaj; JiwapYk;> fhy;eilj; JiwapYk; tpaj;jF khw;wq;fisr; nra;J tUfpd;wJ.

NkYk;> ve;ne;j ehLfs; kf;fs; njhifia mjpfkhfg; ngw;Ws;sNjh> me;j ehLfs; ghJfhg;gpYk; jd;dpiwitg; ngw;Ws;sd. mNj Neuj;jpy; Fiwthd kf;fs; njhif nfhz;l [g;ghd;> ijthd;> Fitj;> nrsjp mNugpah Nghd;w ehLfs; jq;fs; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w ehLfspd; uhZt tPuHfisf; $ypf;F mkHj;j Ntz;ba epHg;ge;j epiyapy; cs;sdH. vdNt xU ehl;bd; kf;fs; njhif jhd; me;ehl;bd; ngUQ; nry;tk;. kf;fs; njhif ngUfg; ngUf tsq;fSk; ngUFNk xopa> me;ehl;il mopTf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yhJ.

,) jdp egH tUkhdf; fzpg;G - Gjpa Kiw

rHtNjr ehza epjp mikg;gpd; fzf;fPl;bd;gb cs;ehl;Lg; gz kjpg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; thq;Fk; rf;jpia Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahff; nfhz;L kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; nkhj;j cs; ehl;L cw;gj;jp kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,g;Gjpa fzf;fPl;bd;gb ,e;jpahtpy; ruhrhp jdpegH tUkhdk; 1>250 lhyuhf caHe;Js;sJ. Kd;dH ,J 1150 lhyuhf ,Ue;jJ. NkYk; ,f; fzf;fPl;L Kiwia tsUk; ehLfs; mq;fPfhpg;gjpy;iy. Vnddpy;> mitfSf;F cyf tq;fpapd; rpwg;Gf; fld; cjtp fpilf;fhJ. xU ehl;bd; ruhrhp tUkhdk; 765 lhyUf;F Nky; ,Ue;jhy; cyf tq;fp epjp cjtp mspf;fhJ vd;gNj ,jd; fhuzkhFk;.

<) fy;tp ,y;yh Foe;ijfSk;> Njrj;jpd; tsHr;rpAk;?

NkYk; ,e;jpahitg; nghUj;jtiu 30 Nfhbg; NgH fy;tp ,y;yhjtHfshf cs;sdH. ,tHfspy; ngUk;ghNyhH Foe;ijj; njhopyhsHfshf tho;itj; njhlq;fpatHfs;. cyfj; njhopyhsH eyf; fofk;> NtW rpy nghJ ey mikg;GfSld; ,ize;J elj;jpa Ma;tpy;> fy;tp fw;w xUtH 50 Mz;Lfspy; 12 yl;rk; &gha; rk;ghjpf;f tha;g;G cs;sJ. fy;tp ,y;yhjtH vj;jid Mz;Lfs; cioj;jhYk; ,e;j tUkhdj;ij vl;l KbahJ. (,e;jpad; vf;];gpu]; 01.07.1997 jkpopy; rhiy ,se;jpiuad; - rkurk; Mf];L 16-31-1997) vd;gJ njspthfj; njhpate;Js;sJ. ,e;jpahtpy; RkhH 2 Nfhbf; Foe;ijfs; gs;spf; fy;tp ,y;yhjjhy;> gilg;ghw;wYf;fhd kd tsHr;rpia ,oe;J tpLfpd;whHfs;. Fiwe;j $yp NtiyfSf;Fk;> ,tHfs; gad; jUtjhy;> ,e;ehl;bd; murpay;thjpfSk;> Miy mjpgHfSk; me;jf; Foe;ijfspd; koiy ehl;fspy; fy;tp ngWtjpypUe;J jLg;gjd; %yk;> ,e;jpa ehl;bd; njhopyhsHfspd; jpwidj; jLg;gNjhL> jdp egH tUkhdj;ijAk; mtHfs; ghjpg;gilar; nra;J tpLfpd;whHfs;.

,e;j jdpegH tUkhd ghjpg;ghdJ Njrj;jpd; nkhj;j tUthiag; ghjpf;ff; $bajhf cs;sJ. ,J Nghd;w epiyfspy;> fz; Kd; midtUf;Fk; njhpe;J elf;Fk; ,j;jifa mepahaq;fis muRk;> murpay;thjpfSk; jq;fs; yhg Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf kl;LNk mt;tg;nghOJ Fuy; nfhLf;fpwhHfs;.

ehl;bd; jdpegH tUkhdk; caHtjhy;> FLk;g tUkhdk; caUk; mNjNtisapy;> nghUshjhu Nehf;Fld;> nghUshjhug; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gl;L tpLk; vDk; gaj;jpy; FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lj; jpl;lj;ij filgpbf;f Ntz;ba mtrpaKk; ,y;yhky; Mfp tpLk;.

Vnddpy; ,d;W nghUshjhug; gw;whf;Fiw jhd; FLk;gj;jpy; Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;ifia kl;Lg;gLj;jj; J}z;Lk; KO Kjw; fhuzpahf mike;Js;sJ vd;gJ midtuhYk; xg;Gf; nfhs;sg;gl;l cz;ikahFk;. vdNt> kf;fis fy;tp fw;w rKjhakhf cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuk; caUNk xopa> FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; cauhJ vd;gJ ,d;W ep&gzkhfp tUk; cz;ikahFk;.

brk;gH> 02> 1997 y; ntspahd ,e;jpah LNl gj;jphpf;ifapy; gf;fk; 46 y; ntspahdnjhU nra;jpapy;> jkpo;ehL jpiug;glj; Jiw khztHfs; vLj;j> ntd;j l;hPk; fk;]; l;& vd;w lhf;Fnkz;l;hp jpiug;glj;jpy;> gbg;gwptpy;yhj hpf;\h njhopyhspf;F thpirahff; Foe;ijfs;. mtdJ kfs; gs;spf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;ba tajpy;> $yp Ntiyf;Fr; nry;y NehpLfpwJ. jd; je;ij xU Foe;ijNahL epWj;jpapUe;jhy; FLk;gk; vg;gb ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd me;j 10 taj rpWkp epidg;gjhf me;jg; glj;jpy; nrhy;yp ,Uf;fpwhHfshk;.

,e;jpar; rl;lg;gb> midj;J FbkfDf;Fk; fy;tp fw;f chpikaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. me;jf; fy;tpf;fhf Ntz;b ,e;j ehL ve;j mstpy; nryT nra;Js;sJ. rpiyfSf;Fk;> tpohf;fSf;Fk;> ntl;b ge;jhf;fSf;Fk; kl;Lk; gzk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy;> Muk;gf; fy;tp trpjpia ehl;by; tp];jhpf;f kl;Lk; gzk; ,y;iy. ,d;W vj;jid gs;spf; $lq;fs; fl;blk; ,y;yhkYk;> MrphpaHfs; ,y;yhkYk; ele;j nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. fzf;fpy;yhjit.

NkYk;> ,j;jifa Foe;ijfis nfhj;jbikfshfg; gad;gLj;jTk;> $yp Ntiyf;F mkHj;jTk; rl;lk; jil nra;jpUe;Jk;> ,d;W Foe;ijj; njhopyhsHfs; ehl;by; ngUff; fhuzk; vd;d? mj;jifa Foe;ijj; njhopyhsHfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; murpay; KjiyfisAk;> gzf;fhu KjyhspfisAk; ,e;j Njrk; vd; nra;jJ? me;jf; Foe;ijapd; fy;tp kWg;Gf;F ahH fhuzk;? Vd;? me;jj; jfg;gd; Nky; kl;Lk; KOg; gopiar; Rkj;JfpwPHfs;. Chpy; ve;jj; jfg;gDk; gps;is ngwhtpl;lhy; cq;fSf;F (murpay;thjpfSf;F) jhd; ey;yJ. fy;tpf;F vd xJf;Fk; gzj;ij rpiyfSf;Fk;> rpdpkhf; $j;jhbfSf;Fk; thwp ,iwf;fyhNk!

mJ Nghfl;Lk;> xU Foe;ijAld; kl;Lk; thOk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd njhopyhsHfs; epiy kl;Lk; vd;d thOfpwjhk;. me;j xU Foe;ijapd; fy;tpj; Njitf;F ,e;j muR vd;d nra;Js;sJ. GOj;Jg; Nghd rj;JzTk;> cOj;Jg; Nghd ghy; khTk; jhdh? ,d;W vq;F jpUk;gpDk; fy;tp vd;gJ filr; ruf;fhf fhz;ntz;l; Kjy; gy;fiyf;fofk; Kjy; gutp tpl;lNj> ,e;j epiyapy; xNu xU Foe;ij ngw;w fPo; epiy kf;fs; vd;d jd; Foe;ijia fhz;ntz;byh gbf;fg; Nghl;L tpl;lhd;?

ePq;fs; nra;tnjy;yhk;> me;jg; gpQ;rpd; kdjpNy eQ;irf; fyg;gJ jhd;. jd;Dld; gpwe;J tpl;l jd; jq;if> jk;gpfshy; jhNd ekf;F ,e;jr; rpukk; vd;w cstpay; jhf;fj;jhy;> me;jg; gpQ;Rf; Foe;ij jd; jk;gp jq;iffisNa vjphpfshf epidf;f itf;fj; jhd; ,J Nghd;w glq;fs; gad;gLNk xopa> mjdhy; vOk; gpur;idia vs; KidasTk; jPHf;fg; gad;glhJ.

Nky;kl;lj;Jf;F Ntz;Lnkd;why; tjtjntd;w ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ijfs; mehfhPfkhfj; Njhd;wyhk;. Mdhy; fPo;epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; kf;fSf;f mJ jhd; nghf;fp\Nk. Vd; vdpy; ,e;j Nky;kl;l kf;fshy; Vw;gl;l epHthff; NfL> Kiwaw;w Ml;rp Nghd;tw;why; tpiythrp caHT. EfHnghUs; thp Vw;wk; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; mtdJ nghUshjhur; Rikiag; gd;klq;fhf;fpf; nfhz;L tUfpwJ. ,tw;iw vyyhk; mtd; <L nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why;> mjpff; Foe;ijfSk;> mjd; %yk; tUkhdKk; fpilf;f mtd; top Njbf; nfhs;fpwhd;. ,tw;iw vy;yhk; jPHf;f> fPo;f;Fbkfdpd; epiy cau Ntz;Lnkd;why;> MSk; tHf;fk; Kjypy; rPuila Ntz;Lk;. Mzp NtNu gOjile;J epw;Fk; NghJ> fpisfisf; Nfhgpj;Jg; gad; ,y;iy..! jpiug;glf; fy;Y}hp ez;gHfNs!!!

NkYk; r%fj;jpd; fPo; kl;lkhdJ mjpf gps;isfisf; nfhz;ljhf cs;sJ vd;gJ mtHfisg; nghUj;jtiu xU rhjfkhd tprak; jhd;. Vnddpy;> jd; epyj;jpd; gad;ghLfSf;fhd $yp Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; jd; njhopy;fSf;fhd $yp NtiyfSf;F gpwiu $ypf;F mkHj;Jk; NghJ Vw;gLk; nghUshjhu e\;lj;jpypUe;J ghJfhf;f> jd; gps;isfis mjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jp> nghUshjhu tpiuaj;jpypUe;J mtd; jd;idg; ghJfhj;Jf nfhs;fpwhd;. mjdhy;> mjpff; Foe;ijfis mtd; Rikahff; fUJtjpy;iy. ,j;jifa epiyapy;> muR me;j fPo; kl;lf; Fbkfd; Nky; fUiz nfhz;L> mtdJ gps;isfSf;F rhpahd Kiwapy; ,ytrf; fy;tp toq;Fkhdhy;> fPo;f;Fb kfdpd; nghUshjhuk;..> jd; fy;tp fw;w Foe;ij %yk; cau tha;ag;gpUf;fpwJ. ,j;jifa fPo;f;Fb kfdpd; nghshjhu tsHr;rp jhd; ehl;bd; cz;ikahd nghUshjhu tsHr;rpahf mikAk;. Vnddpy;> ehl;bd; 60 rjtPjk; NgH ehl;bd; ruhrhp tUkhdj;Jf;Fk; fPo;epiyapy; cs;stHfs;.

2. ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk;?

FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; khy;j;j]; mgpkhdpfspd; mLj;j thjk;> kf;fs; njhif tsu tsu ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk;..? Vnddpy;> G+kp vd;gJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT nfhz;l tho;tplkhFk;. mjhtJ> G+kpapd; nkhj;jg; gug;gsT 57>168>000 rJu iky;fs;. ,jpy; 1995 d; fzf;Fg;gb kf;fs; njhif 573 NfhbahFk;.

Nkw;gb cs;s G+kpapd; gug;gsNthL> kf;fs; njhifiaAk; fzf;fpl;lhy; 9-10 Vf;fH gug;gstpy; xU kdpjd; trpf;fpd;whd;. mjhtJ xU rJu iky; gug;gstpw;F 100f;Fk; rw;W mjpfkhd NgH trpf;fpwhHfs;. fpl;lj;jl;l 6-7 fhy;ge;J ikjhdq;fs; msTs;s ,lj;jpy; xU kdpjd; trpf;fpd;whd;. xU fhy;ge;J ikjhdk; vd;gJ xd;wiu Vf;fH gug;gsT nfhz;ljhFk;.

rpy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; kdpjd; FbirapYk;> khb tPly;yhj tPl;bYk; trpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. Mdhy; ,d;Nwh> tpQ;Qhd tsHr;rpAk;> njhopy; El;gKk; tsHr;rp mile;J tUk; epiyapy;> kdpjd; ,d;W mLf;F khbfspy; trpf;f Muk;gpj;J cs;shd;. ,jd; %yk; ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw vt;tsT Vw;gl;lhYk;> mtw;iw vy;yhk; rkhspf;Fk; msTf;F ,d;iwa njhopy; El;gk; Kd;Ndwp cs;sJ.

,d;iwa Kd;Ndwpa ehLfspy; Kjd;ikahd mnkhpf;fhtpd; epA+ahHf; efhpy; 1 rJu iky; gug;gstpw;F 22>000 NgH ve;j mnrsfhpaq;fSk; ,y;yhky;> cyfpd; Kjy; ju trjpfNshL tho;fpd;whHfs;.

NkYk; rPdhtpd; nkhj;jg; gug;gstpy; 10 rjtPjk; epyk; kl;LNk cgNahfj;jpy; cs;sJ. Nkw;F Mg;hpf;fhtpy; 62 rjtPj tptrha epyq;fs; tptrhak; nra;ag;glhky; jhpR epyq;fshf cs;sd. mjhtJ> 1>150>000>000 Vf;fH epyq;fs; jhpR epyq;fs;. gpNurpy; jdJ nkhj;j tpis epyj;jpy; (2>000>000>000 Vf;fH) 2.25 rjtPjj;ij kl;LNk tptrhaj;jpw;fhfg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ. NkYk; gpNurpy; jdJ nkhj;j tpisepyj;jpy; 29.21 rjtPjj;ijj; jhd; tptrhaj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ.

[g;ghd; jdJ nkhj;j tpisepyj;jpy; 13.97 rjtPjj;ijj; jhd; tptrhaj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ. fdlh jdJ nkhj;j tpisepyj;jpy; 8 rjtPjj;ijj; jhd; tptrhaj;jpw;fhfg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ.

tptrhak; nra;jJ Nghf> vQ;rpAs;s ,lq;fs; fhLfshfTk;> ghiy epyq;fshfTk;> kiyfs; kw;Wk; jhpR epyq;fshfTk; fplf;fpd;wd. ,t;tsT ,lq;fs; Nghf kPjKs;s ,lq;fspy;> mjhtJ kf;fs; jw;nghOJ FbapUf;Fk; gFjp Nghf> kf;fs; FbapUf;fj; jFjpahd ,lq;fs; ,d;Dk; epia cs;sd. NkYk; gy mLf;Fkhbf; FbapUg;G trjpahdJ> kf;fs; cgNahfg;gLj;Jk; gug;gsitf; Fiwj;Js;sJ vdyhk;. NkYk;> NkNy cs;s jfty; %yk;> tsUk; kf;fs; njhif %yk;> ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk; vd;gJ ntWk; G+r;rhz;b fhl;Lk; NtiyNaad;wp NtW vd;dthf ,Uf;f KbAk;?!

,dp rpy ehLfspy; cs;s [d neUf;fbiag; ghHg;Nghk;.

Nkw;fz;l ml;ltizapy; xt;nthU ehLfspYk; xU rJu fp.kP. fspy; thOk; kf;fspd; msT cahe;Jk; jho;e;Jk; cs;sd. ,jpy; nejHyhe;jpy; xU rJu iky; gug;gstpy; 1055.2 NgH thOk; NghJ. ,e;jpahtpy; 695.3 ngH jhd; tho;fpd;whHfs;. mNj Nghy; kpff; Fiwe;j msthf M];jpNuypahtpy; 3.6 NgH tho;fpwhHfs;. nejHyhe;jpy; xU rJu iky; gug;gstpy; 1055.2 NgH trjpNahLk;> cyfpd; tsHe;j ehLfspd; ju epHza msTf;F ,izahfTk; thOk; NghJ ,e;jpahtpy; 695.3 NgH xU rJu iky; gug;gstpy; tho;e;J tUtijf; fz;L. kf;fs; njhifg; ngUf;fj;jhy; ,l neUf;fb Vw;gLk; vd;why;> ,e;j khy;j;j]; d; thjj;ijf; fpsg;Gk;> mjw;F tf;fhsj;J thq;Fk; mwpQHfs; cz;ikapNyNa Gj;jp [Ptpfs; jhdh? vd;w re;Njfk; ekf;F vOfpd;wJ. NkYk;> ,d;Dk; 1 fp.kP y; ,t;tsT egHfs; jhd; vy;yh trjpfNshLk; trpf;f KbAk; vd;w tiuaiw $l Vw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

NkYk;> nejHyhe;jpy; xU rJu iky;gug;gstpy; ,t;tsT egHfs; trpj;Jk;> ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw vd;w gpur;id ,y;yhky; tho;fpwhHfNs jtpu> ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw fhuzkhf ahUk; flypy; tpOe;J jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf> fliy kf;fs; trpf;Fk; ,lkhfTk;> tpis epykhfTk; khw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJ jhd; cz;ik epiyahFk;.

mjw;Fk; Nkyhf> me;jf; fliyAk;> FbapUf;f jFjpNa ,y;yhj fuL Kulhd ghiw epiwe;j ,lq;fisAk;> Njhz;b gpd; iftplg;gl;l Ruq;fq;fisAk;> rJg;G kw;Wk; ghiy epyq;fisAk;> Gjpa Gjpa tpQ;Qhd njhopy; Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp kdpjd; thoTk;> tptrhak; nra;aTk;> jFe;j epyq;fshf khw;wpg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;shHfs;. (jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;l gad;glhj epyq;fs; vd;w jiyg;gpy; fhz;f)

NkYk;> nejHyhe;jpYk;> [g;ghdpYk; ,t;tsT [d neUf;fb ,Ue;Jk;> gpwg;G tpfpjk; Fiwe;J tpl;lij mwpe;J [g;ghd; FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lj; jpl;lj;ij iftpLtjw;F cz;lhd eltbf;iffis vLj;J tUfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ek; ,e;jpa mwpT [PtpfNsh? kf;fs; njhif ngUFfpwJ vd XykpLfpd;whHfs;. NkYk; kf;fs; njhif tsHr;rp jhd; xU ehl;il njhopy; tsHr;rpapYk;> nghUshjhu tsHr;rpapYk;> ehl;bd; ghJfhg;gpYk; Kd;Ndw;wk; fhzr; nra;Ak;. mJ my;yhj FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;Lj; jpl;lk;> xU Njrj;ij mopTg; ghijf;Fj; jhd; ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;.

NkYk; ,j;jifa fhuzq;fisf; fhl;br; nra;ag;gLk; gpur;rhuq;fs; kdpjdpd; %isia kOq;fbf;fr; nra;gitahfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd. fPNo cs;s glj;ijg; ghHf;fTk;.

NkNy ehk; ghHj;j glk; ekJ ehl;L muR kUj;Jtkidfspy; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghL gpur;rhuj;jpw;fhf itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;> gpur;rhug; glk;. ,g;glj;ij ghHg;gtHfSf;F mjpfg; gps;is ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjhy; jfg;gdpd; nrhj;J vt;thW gphpe;J tpLfpd;wJ. ,Nj ,J xU gps;isahf ,Ue;jhy; nrhj;J gphpahky;> KOr; nrhj;Jk; gphpahky; ,Uf;FNk vDk; kdepiyiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. ,e;j kdepiyahdJ ghHg;gtHfSf;F> Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdj;ijAk;> Kaw;rpapd;ikiaAk; jhd; nfhLf;Fk;.

vt;thnudpy;> jfg;gd; jd;Dila rk;ghj;jpaj;jpy; 1 Vf;fH epyk; thq;fpdhH vd;why;> gps;is mtdJ Ra Kaw;rpapy; 1 Vf;fNuh my;yJ mjw;F NkNyh thq;fpdhy; jhd; mtd; ntw;wp ngw;w kdpjdhff; fUj KbAk;. mJty;yhJ jfg;gDila nrhj;ijNa ek;gp jd; tho;it elj;Jk; Foe;ij ntw;wp ngw;wtdhff; fUj KbahJ. mNj Nghy xU FLk;gj;jpy;> ehd;F gps;isfs; vd;why;> ehd;F gps;isfSk; MSf;F xU Vf;fH rk;ghjpj;jhHfs; vdpy;> mf;FLk;gr; nrhj;J> jfg;gDila 1 Vf;fH epyj;ijAk; NrHj;J 5 Vf;fH ngUf tha;g;G cs;sJ. Mdhy; khy;j;j]; rhHG thj mwpQHfspd; ,j;jifa gpur;rhukhdJ> ngw;NwhHfspd; %isiaAk; kOq;fbj;J> tsUk; Foe;ijfis mg;gdpd; nrhj;ijNa ek;gp thOk; Nrhk;Ngwpg; gps;isfshfj; jhd; Mf;FNk xopa. RWRWg;ghd ciof;Fk; jpwDs;s Foe;ijfisNa r%fj;Jf;Fj; juhJ vd;gJ jhd; cz;ikahFk;. NkYk;> ek;Kld; %d;W ehd;F rNfhju> rNfhjhpfs; gpwe;jhy; jhNd> ekf;F KOr; nrhj;Jk; fpilf;fhky; NghdJ vd;w fphpkpdy; rpe;jid Vw;gl;L> midj;J nrhj;ijak; jhNd mila> mjw;fhd fphpkpdy; Ntiyfspy; <LglTk;> ,j;jifa gpur;rhuq;fs; J}z;lTk; fhuzkhfTk; mike;J tplyhk;.

NkYk;> jkpofj;jpy;> Njrpa kf;fs; njhifapy;> 1 rJu fp.kP. y; 428 NgH tho;fpwhHfs;. kw;Wk; jkpofj;jpy; cs;s Vida khtl;lq;fspy;> kf;fs; njhif neUf;fk; mjpfk; kw;Wk; Fiwthf cs;s khtl;lq;fshtd :